Qualitative and quantitative aspects of betalains biosynthesis in Amaranthus caudatus L. var. pendula seedlings

Abstract

Seedlings of Amaranthus caudatus L. var. Pendula were used to study the influence of several treatment: white light, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), kinetin, gibberellic acid (GA3) on betalains biosynthesis. The pigments, betacyanins and betaxanthins, were separated using a Sephadex G-15 column chromatography. Qualitative as well as quantitative differences were observed according to the treatments applied.The amaranthin biosynthesis seemed to be favored in the absence of DOPA. Under the combined effect of kinetin and white light a small quantity of betanin was also synthesized. Adding exogenous DOPA led to a more diversified production which included betacyanins (amaranthin and betanin), betaxanthins (vulgaxanthin and miraxanthin), and even dopachrome. As a general rule, kinetin activated the betalains biosynthesis whereas GA3 inhibited it. The stimulating effect of white light was always much greater than that of kinetin.

Deciphering the mechanisms involved in Portulaca oleracea (C4) response to drought: metabolic changes including crassulacean acid‐like metabolism induction and reversal upon re‐watering

“…oleracea contains a type of nitrogenous water‐soluble pigments called betalains (betacyanins and betaxanthins), which are potent antioxidants and antimutagenics (Strack et al , Stintzing and Carle ). Betacyanins and betaxanthins are derived from tyrosine (Bianco‐Colomas ). Here, the increase in Phe (Fig.…”

Light-regulated betacyanin accumulation in euhalophyte Suaeda salsa calli

“…Among physical factors, light is especially important for accumulation of metabolites (Shin et al 2003). Light enhances betalain production in Red Beet (Girod and Zryd 1987;Shin et al 2003), Amaranthus caudatus seedlings (Bianco-Colomas 1980), Portulaca callus (Kishima et al 1995), Chenopodium album cell cultures (Rudat and Goring 1995), bladder cells of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (Vogt et al 1999) and Alternanthera brasiliana callus (Silva et al 2005). However, little is known about the mechanism of light-induced betacyanin accumulation.…”

Proteomic Analysis of Hylocereus polyrhizus Reveals Metabolic Pathway Changes

“…Light is important for betalain biosynthesis in Amaranthus , Caudatus , Portulaca and Suaeda [11,12,13,14,15,16]. In the presence of light, cytokinin, ethylene and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can enhance betacyanin accumulation in species of Amaranthus , Beta vulgaris , Portulaca , Suaeda and Mesembryanthemum [14,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Betalains can also be accumulated in adverse circumstances such as salinity and drought stress [23,24,25], which are attributed to defense against biotic and abiotic stresses [26].…”