Qualitative assessment of groundwater for livestock and poultry watering: A case study of water wells in Hamdaniya district, Nineveh governorate, Iraq

Abstract

During the study, a field survey was conducted for villages, fields and farms in the Hamdaniya area that use well water. Twenty wells were identified to collect water samples during the dry season to assess the physiochemical properties of the water, and a weighted mathematical model was applied to assess water quality for the purposes of watering livestock and poultry. The results indicated that the water quality index values fluctuated between (33.0 to 282) due to the different geological formations that the water passes through, as 45% of the water samples were from the Unfit category, 25% from the water category of poor quality, and the rest (30%) were from the good water category for watering livestock and poultry.

Qualitative Assessment of Water Resources for Watering Livestock and Poultry: A Case Study of The Waters of Duhok Valley, Kurdistan Region of IRAQ

“…The internationally approved standard methods for analyzing water samples [9][10][11] , were also used to measure water temperature in the field (T), PH, electrical conductivity (EC 25 ), dissolved oxygen in water (DO), organic load (BOD 5 ), total hardness (T.H. ), total alkalinity (T.A), sodium ions (Na + ), potassium (K + ), chloride(Cl -), bicarbonate (HCO The sub-index model was also applied to calculate the water quality index (WQI) as a composite indicator of water quality that gathers information for different water quality standards to find a single value of importance in evaluating the interactions between the studied parameters that can be quickly and easily understood for the general public and decision-makers [12][13][14] . Rather than confusing in the interpretation of all the measured parameters to determine the state of water quality, thus providing an easy and comprehensive method for determining water quality for different uses as well as using it to compare the state of different water bodies across space and time 15 .…”

“…Moreover 8 , conducted an assessment study of the water of 20 wells in the district of Al Hamdaniya for watering livestock and poultry, the results of the water quality index indicated that the values fluctuated between (33 to 282), where 45% of the wells were classified from the unfit category for watering animals, 25% from the category of poor quality water and the rest from the category of good quality water, they attributed the deterioration in most of the studied water to the high electrical conductivity values, which amounted to 4032, and the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorides and sulfates, which reached (529, 487, 391, 362 and 2227) ppm sequentially.…”

Strengthening Rural Women in Anbar Province: Assessing the Influence of Small-Scale Agricultural Initiatives

“…Therefore, they are considered the cornerstone of the agricultural economic development process. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) defines small projects as those projects that are managed by one owner who takes full responsibility, and the number of workers in them ranges between 10-50 workers, While the World Bank describes projects in which less than 10 workers work in micro-enterprises, in which between 10 and 50 workers work in small projects (Haddad, 2012), and(Al-Rawi, 2022) indicates that small agricultural projects are important as follows: Selfaffirmation, obtaining a stable income, creativity and innovation, and then development and modernization, satisfying the needs of the rural community, covering a large part of the market's needs, contributing to the preparation of skilled labor for large projects, creating job opportunities for young people, contributing to solving the problem of unemployment, producing and providing local commodities High quality at low costs, creating successful management skills, effective contribution to eradicating poverty, increasing rural income for poor rural families, generating human and financial resources.…”