Quality assessment of crude and processed ginger by high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics

Abstract

A sensitive, simple, and validated high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry detection method was developed for three ginger-based traditional Chinese herbal drugs, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata. Chemometrics methods, such as principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and analysis of variance, were also employed in the data analysis. The results clearly revealed significant differences among Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata, indicating variations in their chemical compositions during the processing, which may elucidate the relationship of the thermal treatment with the change of the constituents and interpret their different clinical uses. Furthermore, the sample consistency of Zingiberis Rhizoma, Zingiberis Rhizome Preparatum, and Zingiberis Rhizome Carbonisata can also be visualized by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection and mass spectrometry analysis followed by principal component analysis/hierarchical cluster analysis. The comprehensive strategy of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis coupled with chemometrics should be useful in quality assurance for ginger-based herbal drugs and other herbal medicines.

Identification of metabolites in human and rat urine after oral administration of Xiao‐Qing‐Long‐Tang granule using ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…Zingiberis Rhizoma, which is commonly known as ginger, is a globally important spice in food and beverages, and it has been used for cuisine and medicinal purposes since ancient times . The compounds 6‐gingerol and 6‐shogaol are both major constituents found in ginger essential oil.…”

Comparison of the chemical profiles of fresh‐raw and dry‐processed Juglans mandshurica

“…Chromatographic separation of the samples was performed using a Waters Acquity UPLC system (Waters Corporation, Milford, USA). Separation was performed on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C 18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with a BEH C 18 VanGuard Pre-Column (2.1 mm × 5 mm, 1.7 μm). The column temperature was maintained at 30°C.…”

“…The combination of UHPLC–Q‐TOF MS with multivariate statistical techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA), is becoming an increasingly popular technique in the field of herbal drug analysis . The present study aimed to investigate and compare the main components in crude and processed BQLY samples using UHPLC–Q‐TOF MS coupled with multivariate data analysis.…”

Analysis of the Effect of 60Co-γ Irradiation Sterilization Technology on the Chemical Composition of Saffron Using UPLC and UPLC/Q-TOF-MS

“…However, its effect on the quality and chemical composition of saffron is not well understood and demands research. Besides, chemometric methods were often employed to identify differences between batches [17–19]. In this study, we collected 10 batches of saffron samples and treated them with different irradiation doses to evaluate the effect on chemical composition of the samples.…”