Quality assurance and quality control of surface water sampling

Stroomberg, Gerard J.; Freriks, Ivo L.; Smedes, Foppe; Cofino, W.P.

doi:10.1002/9783527615216.ch03

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 76 publications

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“…It is unclear to what extent small-scale temporal variations contribute to a temporal pattern in general terms, pilot studies to test sampling performance, the equivalent of interlaboratory analytical studies, are rarely reported in the literature. Logical structures, to test hypothesis 25 and statistical tools (e.g., experimental design, optimal sampling program) [26][27][28] that could be used to design monitoring programs, are also often neglected. To date, there are no standards, or prescribed procedures for sampling strategies in environmental analysis of water quality (in contrast with other fields, e.g., biomedical research) and a different sampling strategy must therefore be established for each project.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal and total suspended solids concentrations in freshwater: the importance of small-scale temporal variation

Hatje

Rae

Birch

2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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The temporal variation in the concentrations of particulate trace metals (Cu, Pb and Zn) and total suspended solids (TSS) was examined in three rivers that drain into the Port Jackson estuary, Australia, using a nested, hierarchical sampling design. Sampling was conducted between March and June 1999, under low flow conditions. The sampling design incorporated four temporal scales (hours, days, weeks and months). It was considered that hours, days, weeks and months were representative of such time scales and could be analyzed as random, nested sources of variation in an analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant variation was found at temporal scales ranging from hours, within the same day, to months. The amount and scales of variation differed between particulate trace metals and TSS concentrations and between rivers. In many cases, differences between small-scale were as important as differences between months. The results suggest that higher anthropogenic influences cause higher variability at small temporal scale. Results indicate the need for nested sampling designs to be incorporated into studies of temporal variation in order to unconfound small-scale temporal variation. The conclusions of this study are likely to be applicable to other water quality variables and pollutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metal and total suspended solids concentrations in freshwater: the importance of small-scale temporal variation

Hatje

Rae

Birch

2001

J. Environ. Monitor.

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Quality Assurance in Environmental Analysis

Clark

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Vigorous and thorough programs of quality assurance (QA) are vital to ensure that environmental analysis studies yield results which are trustworthy, scientifically credible, and of known quality commensurate with their intended use. Mistakes in any step of the environmental analysis process can result in a substantial increase in random and nonrandom errors. Poor design of an environmental analysis program or failure to adhere to good scientific practices (GSP) for every step of the environmental analysis process can result in compromised or even meaningless results. Therefore, a holistic approach must be taken to ensure adequate QA is implemented for each and every step of the environmental analysis process, from initial study design through final information reporting. However, there is a substantial economic cost toincorporate QA on such a thorough and comprehensive basis. Therefore, QA efforts are unlikely to succeed unless management is committed to the value of these efforts. Increased recognition of the importance of QA, plus broadened international adoption of harmonized standard QA methodologies, has substantially improved the reliability of environmental analyses. QA ensures that environmental monitoring results are compatible with project goals, are comparable between different agencies, and maintain a high degree of scientific credibility. The key elements of QA programs include comprehensive planning, defined data quality objectives (DQOs), thorough training of personnel, standard operating procedures, detailed documentation, timely resolution of problems, regular reporting, routine independent audits plus regular challenges of study elements.

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Quality Issues in Water Sampling, Sample Pre‐Treatment and Monitoring

Bogialli

Polesello

2014

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

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Quality assurance and quality control of surface water sampling

Cited by 11 publications

References 76 publications

Trace metal and total suspended solids concentrations in freshwater: the importance of small-scale temporal variation

Trace metal and total suspended solids concentrations in freshwater: the importance of small-scale temporal variation

Quality Assurance in Environmental Analysis

Quality Issues in Water Sampling, Sample Pre‐Treatment and Monitoring

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