Quality Control and Ethical Issues of Cancer Biomarker Discovery

Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Ovarian Carcinoma

“…For the specific determination of an oncomarker, it must possess a few characteristic traits. The characteristics of an ideal biomarker are as follows: ,, (i) it should have high sensitivity and specificity to only one type of tumor, (ii) it must be acceptable to patients undergoing the test, (iii) predictive and prognostic benefits of tumor biomarker must have both positive and negative predictive values, and (iv) a prospective trial must verify their clinical value. Unfortunately, such an ideal biomarker does not currently exist.…”

“…of the body facilitates cancer management to some extent. Based on their application, biomarkers can be divided into different categories that include 23 (i) screening, (ii) detection of the presence/absence of tumor, (iii) prognosis, and (iv) identification of molecular targets of novel therapies. Therefore, the detection of biomarkers is important for cancer patients.…”

A novel electroconductive interface based on Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle and cysteamine functionalized AuNPs: Preparation and application as signal amplification element to minoring of antigen‐antibody immunocomplex and biosensing of prostate cancer

“…A value of PSA higher than the cut‐off (2.5‐4 ng.mL −1 ) indicates high probability of prostate cancer . The clinical analysis of cancer biomarkers plays the important role for early stage diagnosis and monitoring the return of the disease after treatment . Lately, different immunoassay methods related for detection of PSA including enzyme‐linked immunoensorbent assay (ELISA), bioluminescent immunoassay, chemiluminescent immunoassays, and electrochemical immunoassay.…”