Quality of life impairments associated with diagnostic criteria for traumatic grief

Silverman, Gabriel K.; Jacobs, Selby; Kasl, Stanislav V.; Shear, M. Katherine; Maciejewski, Paul K.; Noaghiul, F. S.; Prigerson, Holly G.

doi:10.1017/s0033291799002524

Cited by 142 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As noted earlier, however, the concept of pathological grief is coming to be seen as a separate diagnostic entity that is deserving of dedicated study, 38 with TG specifically defined as a distinct cluster of symptoms-as a syndrome-that both predicts and includes future morbidity. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] According to consensus criteria for the disorder, 45 which are summarized in the text box, TG is a stress response syndrome whose symptoms include (1) separation distress (for example, yearning, searching for the deceased, excessive loneliness resulting from the loss) and (2) traumatic distress (for example, feelings of numbness, disbelief about the loss, being stunned or dazed, having a fragmented sense of security and trust, having intrusive thoughts about the deceased).…”

Section: Pathological Grief In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…38 In this context, bereavement experts studying grief in elderly adults have recently developed the concept of "traumatic grief" (TG), a pathological grief response that is distinct from depression or anxiety and that may be the operant risk factor for the negative health effects of bereavement. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] These studies show a compelling relationship between symptoms of TG and morbidity in the bereaved, thereby suggesting that grief reactions deserve focused and qualitative study, especially in vulnerable populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Brickell¹,

Münir²

2008

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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Bereavement and loss have significant impact on the lives of individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Although there is a growing impetus to define the symptoms of grief that predict long-term functional impairment, little is known about maladaptive grieving among individuals with ID. We examine the literature concerning the phenomenology of traumatic grief (TG) in the general population, along with what is known about the manifestations of grief in individuals with ID. We then apply modern theories of grief and grief resolution to individuals with ID in order to highlight potential areas of vulnerability in this population and to lay the groundwork for interventions that will facilitate their adaptation to loss. We provide a theoretical framework for the proposition that individuals (including children and adults) with ID are more susceptible to TG, based on an increased risk of secondary loss, barriers to communicating about the loss, and difficulty finding meaning in the loss. We conclude that individuals with ID should be considered as potential candidates for targeted bereavement interventions. Further research is required, however, in order to develop population-appropriate measurement scales for testing these hypotheses. Keywords grief; bereavement; intellectual disabilityEarly psychodynamic theories of grief suggest that only those who are capable of understanding the finality of death, and who are able to perform the arduous psychological task of withdrawing emotion from the deceased, will be capable of mourning. [1][2][3][4] Even without a cognitive understanding of death, however, it is possible to notice the absence of a loved one and to react emotionally to that loss. In his formulation of attachment theory, John Bowlby 5-7 provided the first theoretical framework for the proposition that even young children can grieve following the loss of an attachment figure. Since then, studies have confirmed that children react with grief, sadness, and despair to the death of loved ones. 8 Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have long been considered incapable of griefjust as young children once were. It has been suggested that individuals with ID * do not possess either the necessary capacity to form meaningful relationships 9,10 or the necessary

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Section: Pathological Grief In the General Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Grief and its Complications in Individuals with Intellectual Disability

Brickell¹,

Münir²

2008

Harvard Review of Psychiatry

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“…Primarily based on data from widows and widowers, both teams propose criteria for Complicated Grief Disorder, and both argue that the disorder is a separate clinical entity because it is clinically distinct from depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and "normal" grief. Essentially, they argue that, while grief itself does not predict negative physical and psychological outcomes such as serious illness, suicidal ideation, and impairments in quality of life, the presence of complicated grief symptoms does predict such outcomes Prigerson et al, 1997Prigerson et al, , 1999Silverman et al, 2000).…”

Section: Medicalization Of Griefmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fundamental Paradox in the Grief Literature: A Critical Reflection

Breen

O’Connor

2007

Omega (Westport)

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A key theme in the bereavement literature is the recognition that every grief experience is unique and dependent on many variables, such as the circumstances of the death, characteristics of the bereaved individual, their relationship with the deceased, the provision and availability of support, and a myriad of sociocultural factors. Concurrently, there are corresponding efforts to define "normal" grief and delineate it from "complicated" grief experiences. The discord between these two potentially opposing statements remains a paradox evident within the three major tensions within the thanatological literature-the dominance of grief theories, the medicalization of grief, and the efficacy of grief interventions. Three recommendations for moving beyond the paradox are discussed-the provision of improved grief education for service providers, the bereaved, and the wider community; the conduct of research that emphasizes the context of grief and is relevant to service provision; and the examination of current grief interventions.A clear and consistent theme within the thanatological literature is the assertion that the grief experience is very much affected and influenced by a myriad of variables and the interactions between these variables. Various key reviews (e.g., Center for the Advancement

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“…Nevertheless, in recent years, a number of studies have shown that PTSD and CG are distinct disorders (Momartin, Silove, Manicavasagar, & Steel, 2004;Silverman, Jacobs, Kasl, Shear, Maciejewski, Noaghiul et al, 2000). For example, Silverman and colleagues (2000) found in their study of bereaved spouses (N = 85) that 18% met the criteria of CG and 7% met the criteria of PTSD at 4 months after their loss.…”

Section: Trauma and Bereavementmentioning

confidence: 99%