Quality of Oil Pressed from Hemp Seed Varieties: ‘Earlina 8FC’, ‘Secuieni Jubileu’ and ‘Finola’

Abstract

In the last decade, the demand for edible niche oils has increased. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the seeds hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties: ‘Finola’ (FIN-314)’, ‘Earlina 8FC’, and ‘Secuieni Jubileu’, and cold and hot pressed oils were prepared from each seed. The seeds were examined for moisture content, granulometric distribution, bulk density, and fat content. Seeds were pressed without and with preconditioning (60 °C), and oil yield and pressing time were recorded. The oil was filtered through cellulose membranes. Oil–water content, oil color, fatty acid profile, and sterol content were studied. From the study conducted, there are significant differences in the parameters of oil recovery and its quality compared to ‘Finola’ seed oil, which is widely reported in the literature. ‘Finola’ oil yield was the lowest, with an average of 79% compared to ‘Earlina’ (82%) and ‘S. Jubileu’ (84%). All oil samples contained a comparable amount of sterols, with campesterol (0.32 mg/g), β-sitosterol (1.3 mg/g) and Δ5-avenasterol (0.15 mg/g) predominating. From the organoleptic evaluation, it was evident that both varieties hemp oils and marc (‘Earlina’ and ‘S. Jubileu’) were not bitter like the “Finola” oil and marc. More detailed studies in this direction have to be undertaken.

Analysis of Changes in the Amount of Phytosterols after the Bleaching Process of Hemp Oils

“…In cold-pressed oils, the values were 29.69, 23.19 and 15.83 mg PS/g, respectively. This observation is significant because our previous studies show that in crude hemp oils extracted from the seeds of the aforementioned varieties of Cannabis sativa , the content of plant PSs was not statistically different and was about 2 mg/g of oil [ 35 ]. This suggests that the adsorption capacity of the BE tested against PS depends not only on the properties of BE and the BE dosage used ( Table A1 , Table A2 and Table A3 ; Figure 2 ) but also on the presence of PS companion substances in oils tested, which may affect their loss during the bleaching process.…”

“…Jubileu’ varieties. Characteristics of the seeds and oil used in the presented research were described by Golimowski et al [ 35 ]. Niche oils, due to the small scale of their production and their large amounts of valuable nutritional compounds, are not refined.…”

“…Hot-pressed and cold-pressed oils from three varieties of hemp seed, ‘Finola’, ‘Earlina 8 FC’ and ‘S. Jubileu’, harvested in August 2021 in Poland [ 35 ], were used in the study. The seeds were divided into samples of 25 kg each after a preliminary analysis of their parameters.…”

“…The oil after filtration was used to analyze the bleaching process. The pressing process is described in detail in the publication by Golimowski et al [ 35 ]. The oil was subjected to bleaching with seven types of BE, the characteristics of which are shown in Table 2 .…”

“…In this study, three varieties, ‘Finola’, ‘Earlina 8 FC’ and ‘S. Jubileu’, were selected from among 600 varieties of hempseed [ 35 ]. Based on a literature analysis of little-known varieties of hempseed, the products formed from the ‘Fedora’ variety have also been well described [ 36 ].…”