Quality of powdered substitutes for breast milk with regard to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Muytjens, Harry L.; Roelofs-Willemse, Hannie; Jaspar, G H

doi:10.1128/jcm.26.4.743-746.1988

Cited by 299 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

102

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The occurrence of cronobacters in the studies of infant milk formulae has declined in the last two decades from 14AE2% (Muytjens et al 1988) to c. 1-2% (Iversen and Forsythe 2004;Shaker et al 2007;Chap et al 2009;O'Brien et al 2009. The absence of Cronobacter spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in retail foods

Hochel

Růžičková

Krásný

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: To study the occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in foods and to investigate the phenotypic properties of the strains isolated. Methods and Results: A total of 53 strains of Cronobacter spp. isolated from 399 food samples were identified using conventional biochemical methods and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Foods of plant origin were the most frequently contaminated samples. No Cronobacter spp. were found in infant milk formula, wheat‐based infant food, pasteurized and raw cow milk, mincemeat, chicken, chickpea and potato dumpling powder. The individual species were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii (54·7%), Cronobacter malonaticus (28·4%), Cronobacter dublinensis (7·5%), Cronobacter muytjensii (7·5%) and Cronobacter turicensis (1·9%). Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus belong to biotype 1, 2, 2a, 3, 4 and 5, 5a, respectively. Cronobacter dublinensis strains were subdivided into biotypes 6 and 12. All strains were resistant to erythromycin and two of them were resistant to both erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusions: Cronobacter spp. were isolated from various food samples pre‐eminently of plant origin and dried food ingredients. Significance and Impact of the Study: These findings will increase and detail our knowledge of the presence and diversity of Cronobacter spp. in foods.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in retail foods

Hochel

Růžičková

Krásný

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We described a cluster of 12 neonates with NEC treated at our NICU in June-July 1998. E. sakazakii, a rare pathogen known to cause severe neonatal sepsis and meningitis (1, 2, 4, 12-14, 16, 19, 22, 25, 27-28, 30) and to contaminate powdered milk formula (21), was isolated from 6 of the 12 neonates. After a review of feeding procedures, a significant association was found between the development of NEC, the consumption of a brand of powdered milk formula, and the isolation of E. sakazakii in neonates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…the patients. On the other hand Muytjens et al examined a total of 141 different powdered formulas obtained in 35 countries for the presence of members of the Enterobacteriaceae (21). Members of the genus Enterobacter were most frequently isolated: E. agglomerans was cultured from 35 formulas (25%), E. cloacae was cultured from 30 formulas (21%), and E. sakazakii was cultured from 20 formulas (14%) of the 141 formulas examined.…”

Section: Fig 2 Dendrogram Of the Ap-pcr Profiles As Analyzed Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Outbreak of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in Powdered Milk Formula

Acker¹,

Smet²,

Muyldermans³

et al. 2001

J Clin Microbiol

519

297

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe an outbreak of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) that occurred in the neonatal intensive care unit of our hospital. A total of 12 neonates developed NEC in June-July 1998. For two of them, twin brothers, the NEC turned out to be fatal. Enterobacter sakazakii, a known contaminant of powdered milk formula, was isolated from a stomach aspirate, anal swab, and/or blood sample for 6 of the 12 neonates. A review of feeding procedures revealed that 10 of the 12 patients were fed orally with the same brand of powdered milk formula. E. sakazakii was isolated from the implicated prepared formula milk as well as from several unopened cans of a single batch. Molecular typing by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) confirmed, although partially, strain similarity between milk and patient isolates. No further cases of NEC were observed after the use of the contaminated milk formula was stopped. With this outbreak we show that intrinsic microbiological contamination of powdered milk formula can be a possible contributive factor in the development of NEC, a condition encountered almost exclusively in formula-fed premature infants. The use of sterilized liquid milk formula in neonatal care could prevent problems with intrinsic and extrinsic contamination of powdered milk formula.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the FDA requires that no viable Ent. sakazakii cell must be detected in 333 g of PIF by culture method, whereas contaminations of PIF with 0AE36)66 CFU per 100 g PIF have been reported (Muytjens et al 1988). Therefore, the development of a rapid and highly sensitive detection technique that can substitute for the reference culture method is a pressing matter with regard to clinical and food hygiene tests.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach to use ethidium bromide monoazide as an analytical tool

Minami

Yoshida

Soejima

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: Ethidium bromide monoazide (EMA) has been determined to cause delay in DNA amplification from dead bacteria at real‐time PCR. However, there is concern that the increasing EMA concentration to suppress amplification from high number of dead bacteria also affects live bacteria. The aim is to disclose a novel application of EMA for food hygienic test. Methods and Results: We performed a low‐dose double EMA treatment. Live or heat‐dead Enterobacter sakazakii (reclassified as Cronobacter spp.) in 10% powdered infant formula (PIF) solution was subjected to a treatment with 20 μg ml−1 of EMA followed by a treatment with 10 μg ml−1 of EMA without washing, and direct real‐time PCR. We observed that DNA amplification from 107 cells ml−1 of dead Ent. sakazakii was completely suppressed within 50 cycles of PCR, whereas 102–103 cells ml−1 of viable cells could be detected. When a 3‐h enrichment step in liquid medium was included after the first EMA treatment, live Ent. sakazakii could be detected at initial levels of 100–102 cells ml−1. We compared the low‐dose double‐treated EMA‐PCR with the culture method using 80 samples of PIF, and completely correlative results were obtained for both methods. Conclusions: We concluded that the newly developed low‐dose double‐treated EMA‐PCR is a very effective tool for live Ent. sakazakii detection in PIF. Significance and Impact of the Study: We focused on the specific nature of photoreactive compound that residual EMA is cancelled by irradiation. We were successful in treating bacteria with EMA in gradient concentration to increase live and dead distinction ability.

show abstract

Quality of powdered substitutes for breast milk with regard to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae

Cited by 299 publications

References 18 publications

Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in retail foods

Occurrence of Cronobacter spp. in retail foods

Outbreak of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Associated with Enterobacter sakazakii in Powdered Milk Formula

New approach to use ethidium bromide monoazide as an analytical tool

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About