QUALITY PARAMETERS OF Curcuma longa L. EXTRACTS BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (SFE) AND ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION (UAE)

Abstract

Turmeric is one of the prominently use herbal plants due to its diverse beneficial effects especially in Indian medicine. The rhizome part of the turmeric contains valuable compounds which have been said to owe its antimicrobial effects, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and enhance wound healing. Due to its short-life span and perishable properties, the conversion of the rhizome into turmeric extract is desirable. Several methods have been used for extraction such as Soxhlet extraction and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). However, these techniques are tedious, laborious, time consuming and involves the usage of toxic organic solvent, of which safeness of the end product is doubtful. In this study, a rapid, reliable and green extraction method of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) were used. SFE without modifier has resulted in 0.0006 mg/100 g of curcuminoids concentration and 5.62 % of yield (dry weight basis). UAE using ethanol was able to produce significantly the highest yield (6.40 %, dry weight basis) and the highest curcuminoids concentration (0.1020 mg/100 g). However, SFE was able to produce extract that contain significantly higher major volatile compounds; tumerone, ar-turmerone and curlone. Therefore, this study proves that both extraction methods were able to produce high quality turmeric extract.Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction, Ultrasonic assisted extraction, percentage yield, curcuminoids, volatile compounds Abstrak Kunyit merupakan tumbuhan herba yang terkenal disebabkan kebaikannya yang pelbagai terutamanya dalam perubatan masyarakat India. Bahagian rizom kunyit mengandungi sebatian berkhasiat yang dipercayai mempunyai kesan antimikrobial, anti-kanser, anti-keradangan dan juga mempercepatkan kadar penyembuhan luka. Disebabkan kitar hidup yang singkat dan ciri mudah rosak yang terdapat pada kunyit, maka penukaran rizom kunyit kepada ekstrak kunyit adalah amat wajar. Beberapa kaedah pengekstrakan telah digunakan seperti pengekstrakan Soxhlet dan pengekstrakan cecair bertekanan (PLE). Bagaimanapun, kaedah-kaedah tersebut amat rumit, sukar, mengambil masa yang lama serta melibatkan penggunaan pelarut organik bertoksik yang menyebabkan keraguan terhadap tahap keselamatan produk iaitu ekstrak kunyit. Di dalam kajian ini, kaedah pengekstrakan yang pantas, dipercayai serta mesra alam iaitu pengekstrakan cecair supergenting (SFE) dan pengekstrakan ultrasonik berbantu (UAE) telah digunakan. SFE tanpa bahan pengubahsuai telah menghasilkan 0.0006 mg/100 g kepekatan kurkuminoids dan 5.62 % hasil ekstrak kunyit (berdasarkan berat kering). UAE menggunakan etanol telah menghasilkan hasil ekstrak yang ketara tinggi (6.40 %, berdasarkan berat kering) dan nilai kepekatan kurkuminoids tertinggi iaitu 0.1020 mg/100 g. Walaubagaimanapun, SFE telah menghasilkan ekstrak yang mengandungi sebatian meruap yang

Curcuma longa L. Rhizome Essential Oil from Extraction to Its Agri-Food Applications. A Review

“…The most recent extraction methods appear to overcome the limitations of the conventional ones, such as heat transfer, time and quality of the resulting essential oil [77,78]. These advantages have also been observed in the extraction of oleoresins and, more particularly, curcuminoids, active components of the dried rhizome of C. longa extracts [79][80][81].…”

“…Amongst these methods, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) [65,70,82] has shown many advantages for the extraction of essential oils on an industrial scale, including the reduction of extraction times, higher quality extracts and, principally, the use of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as a nontoxic, non-flammable and free-of-residues solvent [74,[83][84][85]. In relation to turmeric, superior yields but no significant differences in the relative composition or higher concentrations of most of the essential oil components [79] were obtained using SFE rather than the conventional systems of steam distillation and ultrasound extraction. However, the turmeric oil yield was higher with Soxhlet extraction than SFE [86,87].…”

Extraction of Active Compounds from Mixtures of Hemp (Cannabis sativa) with Plants of the Zingiberaceae Family

“…Before starting the extraction process, all materials were ground to a particle size of 150 µm. Based on the literature, two optimized extraction methods were selected for the critical separation step: ultrasonic and supercritical extraction [2,40,41]. In the study, natural materials were extracted individually and in combinations.…”