Quantification and modeling of the dynamic changes in the absorption coefficient of water at λ = 2.94 μm

Visualization of Irrigant Flow and Cavitation Induced by Er:YAG Laser within a Root Canal Model

“…This vapor bubble starts to expand and form a void in front of the laser light. As the vapor bubble expands until irradiation ends, it is thought that continuous laser emission passes through the void and evaporates the water surface in front of the vapor (16,17). This effect is well-known as the Moses effect (18), and it is characteristic of the irradiation of pulse lasers in water.…”

Mechanical and thermal response of enamel to IR radiation: a finite element mesoscopic model

“…The actual temperature values should not be considered entirely accurate because of the uncertainty associated with the material parameters used, in particular the absorption coefficient of water at λ = 2.9 µm, as discussed in section 2. However, since the minimum value that α water can reach is 10 000 cm -1 (according to work by Shori et al 13 ) which is still significantly higher than α HA (300 cm -1 ), we can confidently say that our results provide insight into the processes taking place.…”

“…The absorption coefficients of water (α water ) and HA (α HA ) in Table 3 were considered constant; a detailed explanation of how they were estimated can be found the work we reported elsewhere 12 . We should note that work by Shori and coworkers 13 indicates that the absorption coefficient for water at λ = 10.6 µm can be considered constant up to the maximum energy density (energy/volume) reached by water in these simulations. Work by the same authors suggests that, given that the highest energy density reached in the water pore is 0.4 kJ/cm 3 , the absorption coefficient of water at λ = 2.9 µm will decrease from 12 250 cm -1 to perhaps 10 000 cm -1 , which means that the maximum temperatures calculated by this model will be slightly over-estimated.…”

NIR laser tissue welding of in vitro porcine cornea and sclera tissue

“…A consistent observation was that welding strength as a function of wavelength follows the absorption spectrum of water suggesting that absorption of light by water plays a significant role in LTW. The NIR absorption spectra of water has been published previously, see references [34,35]. Fluorescence and Raman spectra of welded and non-welded areas of the tissues were compared.…”

“…The water absorption band peaks occurs at 1,450 nm and covers a range of 1,380-1,600 nm. The particular absorption bands are due to overtones of the n 1 , n 2 , n 3 vibration bands of H 2 O [34,35]. A low power visible light source from an exemplary aiming beam for the Erbium fiber laser, a red LED, included as a component in the B&W Tek Laser was coupled into the fiber and used to align the NIR welding light.…”