Quantification and Modeling of Wet-Antenna Attenuation for Commercial Microwave Links

Schleiss, Marc; Rieckermann, Jörg; Berne, Alexis

doi:10.1109/lgrs.2012.2236074

Cited by 100 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…For links using Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) the transmitted power can become higher in case of a reduced received power at the end of the link, to compensate for large losses along the link path. In this case the transmitted power also needs to be known and should be taken into account in the rainfall retrieval algorithm (Schleiss and Berne, 2010;Doumounia et al, 2014). Note that a sampling strategy where minimum and maximum transmitted and received powers are available over a chosen time interval may result in additional errors in case of ATPC.…”

Section: Transferability Of Codementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A research link is particularly useful when the microwave frequency, path length, and antenna cover are representative of the links in a cellular communication network. Finally, see, for instance, Leijnse et al (2007bLeijnse et al ( , 2008 and Schleiss et al (2013) for other wet antenna attenuation correction methods.…”

Section: Wet Antenna Attenuation and Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different classification methods have been proposed, some of which can be applied to received powers or signal attenuations when they are sampled at very high frequencies (often for research purposes), e.g. every 6 or 30 s (Schleiss and Berne, 2010) or even at 20 Hz. For instance, Chwala et al (2012) present a spectral time series analysis, and Wang et al (2012) Markov switching models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attenuation due to wet antennas gives rise to overestimation of rainfall and needs to be compensated for (Kharadly and Ross, 2001;Minda and Nakamura, 2005;Leijnse et al, 2007aLeijnse et al, , b, 2008Schleiss et al, 2013). The sampling strategy is also an important error source, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval algorithm for rainfall mapping from microwave links in a cellular communication network

2016

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Abstract. Microwave links in commercial cellular communication networks hold a promise for areal rainfall monitoring and could complement rainfall estimates from ground-based weather radars, rain gauges, and satellites. It has been shown that country-wide ( ≈ 35 500 km 2 ) 15 min rainfall maps can be derived from the signal attenuations of approximately 2400 microwave links in such a network. Here we give a detailed description of the employed rainfall retrieval algorithm. Moreover, the documented, modular, and user-friendly code (a package in the scripting language "R") is made available, including a 2-day data set of approximately 2600 commercial microwave links from the Netherlands. The purpose of this paper is to promote rainfall mapping utilising microwave links from cellular communication networks as an alternative or complementary means for continental-scale rainfall monitoring.

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Section: Transferability Of Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wet Antenna Attenuation and Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Retrieval algorithm for rainfall mapping from microwave links in a cellular communication network

2016

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“…(8) combines the parameters related to instrumental and geometric characteristics, such as the satellite transmitter power (P E ), the transmitter and receiver antenna gains G E , G R , the free-space attenuation A F and the tropospheric attenuation (A Trop ). Wet antennae can introduce additional attenuation effects, depending on the type of antenna (Schleiss et al, 2013;Crane, 2002;Leijnse et al, 2008). To minimize such effects, a super hydrophobic coating was applied to the dish and the horn.…”

Section: Reference Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall measurement from the opportunistic use of an Earth–space link in the Ku band

Barthès

Mallet

2013

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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The present study deals with the development of a low-cost microwave device devoted to the measurement of average rain rates observed along Earth–satellite links, the latter being characterized by a tropospheric path length of a few kilometres. The ground-based power measurements, which are made using the Ku-band television transmissions from several different geostationary satellites, are based on the principle that the atmospheric attenuation produced by rain encountered along each transmission path can be used to determine the path-averaged rain rate. This kind of device could be very useful in hilly areas where radar data are not available or in urban areas where such devices could be directly placed in homes by using residential TV antenna.

The major difficulty encountered with this technique is that of retrieving rainfall characteristics in the presence of many other causes of received signal fluctuation, produced by atmospheric scintillation, variations in atmospheric composition (water vapour concentration, cloud water content) or satellite transmission parameters (variations in emitted power, satellite pointing). In order to conduct a feasibility study with such a device, a measurement campaign was carried out over a period of five months close to Paris.

The present paper proposes an algorithm based on an artificial neural network, used to identify dry and rainy periods and to model received signal variability resulting from effects not related to rain. When the altitude of the rain layer is taken into account, the rain attenuation can be inverted to obtain the path-averaged rain rate. The rainfall rates obtained from this process are compared with co-located rain gauges and radar measurements taken throughout the full duration of the campaign, and the most significant rainfall events are analysed

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The potential of commercial microwave networks to monitor dense fog‐feasibility study

2013

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[1] Here we show the potential for dense fog monitoring using existing measurements from wireless communication systems. Communication networks widely deploy commercial microwave links across the terrain at ground level. Operating at frequencies of tens of gigahertz, they are affected by fog and are, practically, an existing, sensor network, spatially distributed worldwide, which can provide crucial information about fog concentration and visibility. The goal of this paper is to show the feasibility for fog identification and intensity estimation. A method is proposed and is demonstrated by two cases of heavy fog that took place in Israel. During these events, fog covered wide areas (tens of kilometers) and caused severe decrease in visibility, dropping as low as several tens of meters. Liquid water content and visibility values were estimated using measurements from tens of microwave links deployed in the observed area for each event. Each of the links provided a single measurement which was taken simultaneously across all of the links in the system. The values were found to be in the range of 0.5-0.8 gr/m 3 , high concentration values that match the maximum value range observed in field measurements carried out for prior studies in different test areas in the world. The visibility ranges calculated, between 30 and 70 m, fit the visibility assessments from the specialized measuring equipment operating in the observed area at the same time. These results point to the strong potential of the proposed technique.Citation: David, N., P. Alpert, and H. Messer (2013), The potential of commercial microwave networks to monitor dense fog-feasibility study,

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Quantification and Modeling of Wet-Antenna Attenuation for Commercial Microwave Links

Cited by 100 publications

References 11 publications

Retrieval algorithm for rainfall mapping from microwave links in a cellular communication network

Retrieval algorithm for rainfall mapping from microwave links in a cellular communication network

Rainfall measurement from the opportunistic use of an Earth–space link in the Ku band

The potential of commercial microwave networks to monitor dense fog‐feasibility study

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