Quantification and modelling of organic micropollutant removal by reverse osmosis (RO) drinking water treatment

Ebrahimzadeh, Salma; Wols, B.A.; Azzellino, Arianna; Martijn, Bram J.; Hoek, Jan Peter van der

doi:10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.102164

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The robustness of combined drinking water treatments against emerging substances has been studied for several years in the Netherlands [3,4]. All the measurements in this study were carried out in a pilot plant in which 49 OMPs were dosed, and the removal was measured.…”

Section: Omps Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years, the removal of OMPs has been the subject of study for researchers [2,3,53] as it is important to eliminate them from drinking water with appropriate treatment technology. Recently various technologies have been used to eliminate OMPs from drinking water, such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration [4,5], advanced oxidation processes [3], and activated carbon adsorption [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of organic micropollutants in a drinking water treatment plant by powdered activated carbon followed by rapid sand filtration

Ebrahimzadeh

Wols

Azzellino

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Section: Omps Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of organic micropollutants in a drinking water treatment plant by powdered activated carbon followed by rapid sand filtration

Ebrahimzadeh

Wols

Azzellino

et al. 2022

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…Typical examples of these additional treatment steps can be divided into three types. Firstly, adsorption processes such as activated carbon which can, for instance, be applied in powdered or granular form (Zietzschmann et al, 2016); secondly, oxidation processes such as ozonation (Ekblad et al, 2021); and thirdly, membrane processes such as reverse osmosis and nanofiltration (Ebrahimzadeh et al, 2021). Combinations of these also provide an option to remove OMPs from the wastewater, e.g., ozonation in combination with activated carbon filtration (Guillossou et al, 2020), sand filtration (Hollender et al, 2009) or zeolite filtration (Fu et al, 2021a;Fu et al, 2021b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Antibiotic Resistance From Municipal Secondary Effluents by Ozone-Activated Carbon Filtration

Spit

Hoek

Jong³

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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At wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), additional steps are introduced for removal of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from the treated effluents, especially pharmaceutical residues. At the same time, a new concern is emerging: antibiotic resistance (AR). This research studied the effect of ozonation, coagulation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration applied as tertiary treatment for the removal of OMPs and nutrients, on AR removal. Bacterial culture methods in selective media were used to screen for four different microorganisms: two faecal indicators (Escherichia coli and Enterococci) as antibiotic sensitive bacteria (ASB), and a resistant strain of each of these bacteria, namely Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-E.coli) and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci (VRE) as antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). At laboratory scale, ozonation experiments (ozone dose 0.4–0.6 g O3/g DOC) and coagulation experiments using Polyaluminum chloride (PAX-214) and FeCl3 (coagulant dose 0.004–1 mM/L) were performed using secondary effluent from two municipal WWTPs. In addition in a pilot plant and full-scale plant ozonation (ozone dose 0.4 g O3/g DOC) and GAC filtration (empty bed contact time 15 min) were studied for AR removal. No significant differences were found between ARB and ASB removal for coagulation and ozonation which could indicate that ASB can be used as an initial proxy for ARB removal for these technologies. In the laboratory experiments, ozonation and coagulation showed a good removal of both ARB and ASB. However, the doses needed to reach 2–3 log removal were a factor 2.5–4 (ozonation) and 250 (coagulation) higher than applied for OMP removal (by ozonation) and phosphorus (P) removal (by coagulation). In the GAC filters, the risk of ARB enhancement occurred, especially in filters with a matured biology. Although these bacteria are not necessarily directly harmful, they can pass down their resistance to pathogenic bacteria via horizontal gene transfer.

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“…Pollution from pharmaceuticals observed in the aquatic environment, and its potential risk for humans and the wider environment, have recently received significant attention among the global scientific community [1][2][3]. After pharmaceuticals are injected into the human body, they are excreted through the metabolism via urination [4,5], and then enter sewage networks or septic tanks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several studies concerning the removal of pharmaceuticals from water have shown that both conventional drinking water and wastewater treatments have limitations in effectively removing pharmaceuticals, and thus the development of advanced treatment steps with high implementation costs are essential [38,39]. However, the results of some studies proved that advanced water treatments are not always a robust treatment for the removal of some pharmaceuticals, such as carbamazepine, from wastewater or drinking water, in which residual quantities may remain [1,40]. Therefore, understanding how the population within an urban wastewater agglomeration uses pharmaceuticals, which enter the wastewater or drinking water treatment plants, may provide important insights to enhance the control of the volume of these compounds [41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbamazepine Levels Related to the Demographic Indicators in Groundwater of Densely Populated Area

Ebrahimzadeh

Castiglioni

Riva

et al. 2021

Water

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Consumption of pharmaceuticals by people is growing. Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an extensively used anti-epileptic drug that is recalcitrant to degradation. As a result, CBZ has been widely detected in the aquatic ecosystem due to its daily consumption and drainage in sewage systems. Leakages from sewage networks and septic tanks may represent one of the main sources of CBZ in groundwater. In this study, CBZ concentrations in groundwater and their correlations with the demographic structure of the population were investigated in the densely populated Milan urban area. Seventy-six demographic variables were retrieved from the Italian Population and Housing census. Twenty-one groundwater samples were collected from unconfined and semi-confined aquifers of the Milan area and the concentration of CBZ was measured. Groundwater CBZ levels in both aquifers were associated with the demographic data within a circular buffer with a radius of 1.5 km. All data were analyzed using a multivariate statistical approach. The results showed a significant association (p < 0.05) between CBZ concentrations and specific demographic segments of the population. Higher CBZ concentrations were found to be associated with the population aged 70 years and over (aging index), and with families having children aged under 5 years (family index). In addition, the divorce index was correlated with the high concentration of CBZ, whereas the educated and sexagenarian population showed a negative correlation. Our results indicated that the contamination of CBZ follows the same pattern in unconfined and semi-confined aquifers, which are used for drinking water purposes in Milan area. Therefore, changing the CBZ consumption pattern or replacing CBZ with other drugs may strongly influence groundwater contamination of the investigated area.

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Quantification and modelling of organic micropollutant removal by reverse osmosis (RO) drinking water treatment

Cited by 34 publications

References 68 publications

Removal of organic micropollutants in a drinking water treatment plant by powdered activated carbon followed by rapid sand filtration

Removal of organic micropollutants in a drinking water treatment plant by powdered activated carbon followed by rapid sand filtration

Removal of Antibiotic Resistance From Municipal Secondary Effluents by Ozone-Activated Carbon Filtration

Carbamazepine Levels Related to the Demographic Indicators in Groundwater of Densely Populated Area

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