Quantification and Stability of Human Adenoviruses and Polyomavirus JCPyV in Wastewater Matrices

Bofill-Mas, Sı́lvia; Albinana-Gimenez, Nestor; Clemente-Casares, Pilar; Hundesa, Ayalkibet; Rodríguez-Manzano, Jesús; Allard, Annika; Calvo, Miquel; Gironés, Rosina

doi:10.1128/aem.00965-06

Cited by 280 publications

(170 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This may result in an underestimation of the actual LRVs achieved by this local WWTP. Earlier studies showed that enteric viruses are stable in a wastewater matrix, especially at temperatures lower than 20 • C [47,48]. Therefore, the exact extent to which sample preservation procedures utilized in this study would affect viral counts remains unknown, and should be resolved in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Jumat

Hasan

Subramanian

et al. 2017

Water

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A membrane bioreactor (MBR)-based wastewater treatment plant in Saudi Arabia was assessed over a nine-month period for virus removal efficiency. Viral diversity was detected using omics-based approaches. Log reduction values (LRV) of Adenoviruses (AdV) and Enteroviruses (EV) were enumerated using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) and assessed for infectivity using fluorescence-based infection assays. MBR treatment was successful in reducing viral diversity. Plant viruses remained abundant in the treated effluent. Human enteric viruses were present in lower abundance than plant viruses, and were reduced by MBR at varying LRV. AdV copy numbers were reduced by 3.7-log. Infectious AdV was not detected in the effluent. EV copy numbers were reduced by 1.7-log post MBR and infectious EV decreased by an average of 2.0-log. Infectious EV was detected in the chlorinated effluent, occasionally in concentrations that approximate to its 50% infectious dose. Overall, results indicated that a MBR-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effectively reduces viral diversity, viral load, and infectious capacity by up to 4-logs. These findings suggest potential concerns associated with plant and human enteric viruses for reuse events in this country. Local guidelines for assessment of treated water quality should take into consideration both infectious viral concentration and LRV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Jumat

Hasan

Subramanian

et al. 2017

Water

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“…39 An additional target, HuPyV, was also included, based on recent research suggesting that HuPyV could be used as a reliable viral indicator of human fecal contamination. 28,[40][41][42][43][44] In this study, each type of water source was positive for a human enteric virus. The only human enteric viruses not detected in UF concentrates were EV and HEV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Human Enteric Viruses in Surface Water and Drinking Water Resources in Southern Ghana

Gibson¹,

Opryszko

Schissler

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. An estimated 884 million people worldwide do not have access to an improved drinking water source, and the microbial quality of these sources is often unknown. In this study, a combined tangential flow, hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF), and real-time PCR method was applied to large volume (100 L) groundwater ( N = 4), surface water ( N = 9), and finished (i.e., receiving treatment) drinking water ( N = 6) samples for the evaluation of human enteric viruses and bacterial indicators. Human enteric viruses including norovirus GI and GII, adenovirus, and polyomavirus were detected in five different samples including one groundwater, three surface water, and one drinking water sample. Total coliforms and Escherichia coli assessed for each sample before and after UF revealed a lack of correlation between bacterial indicators and the presence of human enteric viruses.

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“…In 2004, a US national biosolids survey indicated that about 6.50 million tons of dry biosolids were produced in the US; and approximately 55% of the total was applied on land as soil amendment [10,20]. In 2006, the US EPA [21] estimated that more than 7.10 million tons of dry biosolids per year are produced in the US; about 50% of which are land applied.…”

Section: Characterization Of Biosolids and Manurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Runoff carrying manure-borne microbial pathogens have been implicated in some of the largest water and food borne outbreaks [7][8][9]; in contrast, it is important to state that there are no scientifically documented outbreaks or excess illnesses that have occurred from exposure to pathogens associated with treated biosolids [10]. An outbreak that occurred in a small farming community in Canada demonstrated that the potential of human infections caused by zoonotic pathogens (pathogens that may infect both animals and humans) has serious consequences [7,9].…”

Section: Waterborne Outbreaks In Rural Areas In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biosolids and Manure Application on Microbial Water Quality in Rural Areas in the US

Oun

Kumar

Harrigan

et al. 2014

Water

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Most of the waterborne disease outbreaks observed in North America are associated with rural drinking water systems. The majority of the reported waterborne outbreaks are related to microbial agents (parasites, bacteria and viruses). Rural areas are characterized by high livestock density and lack of advanced treatment systems for animal and human waste, and wastewater. Animal waste from livestock production facilities is often applied to land without prior treatment. Biosolids (treated municipal wastewater sludge) from large wastewater facilities in urban areas are often transported and applied to land in rural areas. This situation introduces a potential for risk of human exposure to waterborne contaminants such as human and zoonotic pathogens originating from manure, biosolids, and leaking septic systems. This paper focuses on waterborne outbreaks and sources of microbial pollution in rural areas in the US, characterization of the microbial load of biosolids and manure, association of biosolid and manure application with microbial contamination of surface and groundwater, risk assessment and best management practice for biosolids and manure application to protect water quality. Gaps in knowledge are identified, and recommendations to improve the water quality in the rural areas are discussed. OPEN ACCESS

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Quantification and Stability of Human Adenoviruses and Polyomavirus JCPyV in Wastewater Matrices

Cited by 280 publications

References 15 publications

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Membrane Bioreactor-Based Wastewater Treatment Plant in Saudi Arabia: Reduction of Viral Diversity, Load, and Infectious Capacity

Evaluation of Human Enteric Viruses in Surface Water and Drinking Water Resources in Southern Ghana

Effects of Biosolids and Manure Application on Microbial Water Quality in Rural Areas in the US

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