Quantification of Beach Changes Caused by Hurricane Floyd Along Florida's Atlantic Coast Using Airborne Laser Surveys

Zhang, Keqi; Whitman, Dean; Leatherman, Stephen P.; Robertson, W. W.

doi:10.2112/02057.1

Cited by 102 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The highest elevation of beach erosion extended considerably above the measured storm-surge level, indicating that storm-wave setup and swash run-up played significant roles in controlling the elevation of beach erosion. In another study Zhang et al (2005) studied beach erosion due to Hurricane Floyd in 1999 using LIDAR surveys to estimate the areas of erosion, showing how new technology can vastly improve our ability to quantify impacts. Chen et al (2007) studied the impact on coastal highways which are important for evacuation in severe weather.…”

Section: Impacts Of Coastal Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal flooding: impacts of coupled wave–surge–tide models

Wolf

2008

Nat Hazards

149

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Wind waves and elevated water levels together can cause flooding in low-lying coastal areas, where the water level may be a combination of mean sea level, tides and surges generated by storm events. In areas with a wide continental shelf a travelling external surge may combine with the locally generated surge and waves and there can be significant interaction between the propagation of the tide and surge. Wave height at the coast is controlled largely by water depth so the effect of tides and surges on waves must be also be considered, while waves contribute to the total water level by means of wave setup through radiation stress. These processes are well understood and accurately predicted by models, assuming good bathymetry and wind forcing is available. Other interactions between surges and waves include the processes of surface wind-stress and bottom friction as well as depth and current refraction of waves by surge water levels and currents, and some of the details of these processes are still not well understood. The recent coastal flooding in Myanmar (May 2008) in the Irrawaddy River Delta is an example of the severity of such events, with a surge of over 3m exacerbated by heavy precipitation. Here we review the existing capability for combined modelling of tides, surges and waves, their interactions and the development of coupled models.Keywords: tides, storm surges, wind waves, coastal flooding, wave-current interaction, numerical modelling 1 Coastal Flooding -Impacts of coupled wave-surge-tide models Judith Wolf AbstractWind waves and elevated water levels together can cause flooding in low-lying coastal areas, where the water level may be a combination of mean sea level, tides and surges with storm surges and waves often being generated by the same storm event. In areas with a wide continental shelf a travelling external surge may combine with the locally generated surge and waves and there can be significant interaction between the propagation of the tide and surge. Wave height at the coast is controlled largely by water depth so the effect of tides and surges on waves must be also be considered, while waves contribute to the total water level by means of wave setup through radiation stress. These processes are well understood and accurately predicted by models, assuming good bathymetry and wind forcing is available. Other interactions between surges and waves include the processes of surface wind-stress and bottom friction as well as depth and current refraction of waves by surge water levels and currents, and some of the details of these processes are still not well understood. The recent coastal flooding in Myanmar (May 2008) in the Irrawaddy River Delta is an example of the severity of such events, with a surge of over 3m exacerbated by heavy precipitation. Here we review the existing capability for combined modelling of tides, surges and waves, their interactions and the development of coupled models.

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Section: Impacts Of Coastal Floodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coastal flooding: impacts of coupled wave–surge–tide models

Wolf

2008

Nat Hazards

149

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“…First we review the definition of roughness length, introducing and demonstrating the statistical character of z 0 , i.e., distributions of z 0 from measurements and the behavior of such; we statistically connect this to a practical unmost often run with resolutions (much) finer than 10 m. There are a growing number of exceptions, stemming from the advent of airborne laser-based terrain measurements that can offer resolutions less than 1 m (e.g., Zhang et al, 2005;Danish Geodata Agency, 2015). certainty metric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical characterization of roughness uncertainty and impact on wind resource estimation

Kelly¹,

Jørgensen²

2017

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. In this work we relate uncertainty in background roughness length (z 0 ) to uncertainty in wind speeds, where the latter are predicted at a wind farm location based on wind statistics observed at a different site. Sensitivity of predicted winds to roughness is derived analytically for the industry-standard European Wind Atlas method, which is based on the geostrophic drag law. We statistically consider roughness and its corresponding uncertainty, in terms of both z 0 derived from measured wind speeds as well as that chosen in practice by wind engineers. We show the combined effect of roughness uncertainty arising from differing wind-observation and turbine-prediction sites; this is done for the case of roughness bias as well as for the general case. For estimation of uncertainty in annual energy production (AEP), we also develop a generalized analytical turbine power curve, from which we derive a relation between mean wind speed and AEP. Following our developments, we provide guidance on approximate roughness uncertainty magnitudes to be expected in industry practice, and we also find that sites with larger background roughness incur relatively larger uncertainties.

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“…In addition to the use of multidate aerial photography which is the most frequently used method to calculate shoreline movement over a long-term period (Grenier and Dubois, 1992;Suanez and Simon, 1997;Moore and Griggs, 2002;Boak and Turner, 2005), new technological advances have been developed over the last decade. Quantifi cation of coastal evolution has been achieved using a range of modern technologies, such as digital aerial images and videography, high resolution satellite images (Ikonos, QuickBird), airborne lasers (Marfai et al, 2008;Stockdonf et al, 2002;Robertson et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 2005;Young and Ashford, 2006;Boak and Turner, 2005;McCulloch et al, 2002;Moore, 2000;Leatherman et al, 1995), terrestrial laser scanning (Gulyaev and Buckeridge, 2004) as well as differential global positioning systems (DGPSs) which are used either on foot or mounted on an all-terrain vehicle (Baptista et al, 2008;Stockdonf et al, 2002). Monitoring pins have also been implanted on top of cliffs (Bernatchez and Dubois, 2008) or inserted horizontally directly into the cliffs (Manson, 2002;Greenwood and Orford, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an automated method for continuous detection and quantification of cliff erosion events

Bernatchez

Jolivet

Corriveau

2011

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Three intrusive systems of detection and quantifi cation of coastal erosion events (using thermocouples and thermal pins) were developed and tested from 2005 to 2008 in different regions of the Gulf and maritime estuary of the St Lawrence (Quebec, Canada). The 3-m-long thermal pins inserted inside unconsolidated deposits allow the monitoring of erosion for a time period sometimes extending over several seasons. The thermocouple or thermocable method allows not only the instrumentation of unconsolidated deposits but also of rocky and cohesive substrate to a depth of 85 cm. An autonomous microclimatic station located near the experimental sites simultaneously samples temperature parameters, precipitation, snow cover, wind speed and direction as well as global radiation.The differential analysis of cliff thermal regime performed simultaneously with an analysis of air temperature makes it possible to determine the activation periods of coastal erosion processes. The results also make it possible to establish with precision the actual infl uence of rapid variations of certain climatic and microclimatic parameters (radiation, presence of snow cover, precipitation, etc.) on the physical state of surfaces and also on the activation of certain physical processes connected to coastal erosion events. The automated thermal erosion pin system (ATEPS) allows high temporal resolution (i.e. continuous) monitoring, enabling a real coupling of coastal erosion rates and climatic parameters. Preliminary results with the ATEPS system indicate that mild winter temperature and direct solar radiation are signifi cant factors controlling cliff retreat rates. Moreover, the melting of segregation ice during the spring thaw contributed for more than 70% of cliff retreat against only 30% for frost shattering.

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Quantification of Beach Changes Caused by Hurricane Floyd Along Florida's Atlantic Coast Using Airborne Laser Surveys

Cited by 102 publications

References 11 publications

Coastal flooding: impacts of coupled wave–surge–tide models

Coastal flooding: impacts of coupled wave–surge–tide models

Statistical characterization of roughness uncertainty and impact on wind resource estimation

Development of an automated method for continuous detection and quantification of cliff erosion events

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