Quantification of cow milk adulteration in goat milk using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

A method was developed for the quantification of cow milk adulteration in goat milk, based on solvent separation of whey proteins followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS). The presence of cow milk was determined using beta-lactoglobulin whey protein as the molecular marker. The adulterants were identified using both retention time and molecular mass derived from multiply charged molecular ions. Standard solutions containing cow and goat milk in different volume ratios were prepared and analyzed. Good linearity covering cow milk content from 5% and above was obtained. The proposed method identifies the adulterants using accurate molecular masses for protein identification and detects the addition of cow milk to goat milk at levels as low as 5%.

Overview on Untargeted Methods to Combat Food Frauds: A Focus on Fishery Products

“…Mass spectrometry can be employed for the assessment of cheese safety; since during the dairy process microorganisms and mycotoxins can accumulate and affect final cheese quality, the use of HPLC-MS techniques allows the detection and quantification of selected mycotoxins [76]. Moreover, milk proteins constitute the major target for MS-based approaches to assess milk traceability and authenticity [77][78][79][80]. In this regard, a recent work published by Nardiello et al shows potentials of a proteomic workflow based on multienzyme digestion followed by nano-LC-ESI-IT-MS/MS analysis for milk authenticity [81].…”

Capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry – a fast and reliable tool for the monitoring of milk adulteration

“…The whey protein fractions were extracted according to the procedure described by Chen [35]. The milk sample (1 mL) was vortexed with 100 mL water containing 5% acetic acid and 200 mL dichloromethane in a microcentrifuge tube.…”

Development of a real-time PCR assay for the detection of cow and donkey milk

“…In this field, two different approaches are generally carried out: (1) the analysis of protein and (2) the application of biomolecular techniques. With regard to protein analysis, capillary electrophoresis [10], 2D electrophoresis, HPLC [11,12], ELISA [13,14] and isoelectric focusing of milk caseins [15], which is accepted as a reference tool for cows' milk detection [16], are widely used. More recently, however, this analytical approach has been largely replaced by the DNA-based analysis, which is sensitive, reliable and allows to process even very small amounts of sample [17].…”