Quantification of cyanazine in water and soil by a magnetic particle-based ELISA

Lawruk, Timothy S.; Lachman, Charles E.; Jourdan, Scott W.; Fleeker, James R.; Herzog, David P.; Rubio, Fernando

doi:10.1021/jf00029a013

Cited by 42 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Especially when poly clonal antibodies show high cross-reactivity, it is likely that the monoclonal ones will also show some cross-reactivity. The difficulty of making a very specific atrazine antibody results mainly from the closely related structures of several compounds within the triazine group, because many other chlorotriazines have t wo common determinants with at ra z i n e. Highly specifi c ELISAs have been made with monoclonal antibodies for terbutylazine [21] or with polyclonal antibodies for cyanazine [22], but both terbutylazine and cyanazine have determinants which are less common with other triazines.…”

Section: Relationship With Cross-reactivity and Antibody Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and validation of immunoassays for pesticides analysis

Hennion¹

1998

Analusis

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T he time and expense involved in classical analytical methods (i.e., sampling, sample preparation, and laboratory analysis) limit the number of samples that can be analyzed in environmental surveys. There is a real need for developing fast, easy to use, robust, sensitive, cost-effect ive and fi e l d -a n a lytical techniques. Immu n o a s s ays (IAs) meet these requirements and many pesticides can be analyzed and monitored at regulatory levels without any sample preparation method. They are increasingly used and a few IAs have been recently accepted as screening methods by the US EPA and one for the total determination of triazines.Current research includes the development of new assay form at s , mu l t i -residue assay s , and fl ow-injection immu n o a ss ays. An eva l u ation of the perfo rmances of commerc i a l ly available IAs for pesticides analysis as well as a selection of recent applications in monitoring programs are presented here.I m mu n o a s s ay techniques provide a simple, powerful and inexpensive method for pesticide analysis which has been widely used in monitoring programs especially in the US. Their rapid and recent development witnesses of their increasing acceptance and is the result from the demonstration of quality and validity compared to more traditional techniques.

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Section: Relationship With Cross-reactivity and Antibody Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications and validation of immunoassays for pesticides analysis

Hennion¹

1998

Analusis

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“…Triazines Results and Discussion Cyanazine Immunoassay Table II illustrates the specificity using Hapten I (Table I) to prepare both the immunogen and enzyme conjugate for the cyanazine immunoassay (7). It is derivatized through the 2-position for conjugation to proteins.…”

Section: R4 R6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Specificity and Sensitivity of Triazine Immunoassays

Lawruk

Hottenstein

Fleeker

et al. 1996

Herbicide Metabolites in Surface Water and Groundwater

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The use of immunochemical methods to assess the quality of surface and ground water has become a valuable complement to conventional methods such as GC and HPLC. Immunoassays for water analysis have proven to be rapid, sensitive and convenient, allowing a large number of samples to be screened without prior sample preparation. Magnetic particle-based immunoassays for triazines have been developed to offer a wide range of specificities and sensitivities to both parent compounds and metabolites. By varying the design of the triazine immunogen and enzyme conjugate hapten, immunoassay specificity can be manipulated to detect a wide range of triazines or be specific to only the parent compound. The least detectable concentration of each triazine can also be decreased by modification of these components. The development strategies for triazine immunoassays including atrazine, simazine and cyanazine will be discussed.The worldwide use of the 1,3,5-triazine or s-triazine herbicides as pre-and postemergence herbicides for the control of broad-leaved weeds on corn, sorghum and fruit orchards has necessitated that these compounds and their metabolites be monitored in the environment. For example, atrazine residues are often detected in environmental water samples as a result of spills, spraying, and agricultural run-off (7-3). The widespread application, stability and solubility of the triazines in water allow them to leach from soil and be relatively persistent environmental contaminants (4).The use of enzyme immunoassay to screen water samples for the presence of triazine herbicides, in particular atrazine, simazine and cyanazine, has been widely applied (7-3, 5-77). Immunoassays provide the analytical chemist with a cost-effective, sensitive, rapid and reliable method for both laboratory and field analyses (#). These immunoassay methods have been developed using a variety of

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“…Several immunoassays for the s-triazines have already been developed (Lawruk et al, 1993;Giersch, 1993;Wortberg et al, 1996) as well as assays for some of the s-triazine metabolites (Schlaeppi et al, 1989;Wittmann & Hock, 1994;Lucas et al, 1995;Kido et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two immunoassays for cyanazine have been reported by Lawruk et al in 1993 andChoi et al in 1999. The immunoassay by Lawruk et al was based on polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) specific for cyanazine and the assay had a detection limit of 0.035 mgl -1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Monoclonal Antibody for the Sensitive Detection of Cyanazine and Other s-Triazines in Water by ELISA

Bruun

Koch

Aamand

2000

Food and Agricultural Immunology

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A new monoclonal antibody with specificity for s-triazine herbicides was prepared using a tertbutyl-s-triazine hapten. An assay was developed, employing covalently immobilized hapten and monoclonal antibody labeled with horseradish peroxidase. This assay system had a detection limit of 0.01 mgl -1 cyanazine, with a coefficient of variation less than 3%. Analysis on three different spiked water types showed an average recovery of 101% at 0.1 mgl -1 cyanazine. Cross-reactions were found for atrazine, terbuthylazine and propazine in the range 18-62%. This immunoassay is therefore capable of detecting four different s-triazine herbicides at concentrations well below the limit value for drinking water of 0.1 mgl -1 stipulated by the EEC Council Directive on drinking water.

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Quantification of cyanazine in water and soil by a magnetic particle-based ELISA

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Applications and validation of immunoassays for pesticides analysis

Applications and validation of immunoassays for pesticides analysis

Factors Influencing the Specificity and Sensitivity of Triazine Immunoassays

A New Monoclonal Antibody for the Sensitive Detection of Cyanazine and Other s-Triazines in Water by ELISA

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