Quantification of emissions from the co-incineration of cutting oil emulsions in cement plants – Part I: NOx, CO and VOC

Giannopoulos, Dimitrios; Kolaitis, Dionysios I.; Togkalidou, A.; Skevis, G.; Founti, M.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2006.10.025

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, liquid fuels do have the advantage of producing large energy quantities per unit volume (17–38 MJ/kg), and the flame providing a higher inferred radiation which enhances the radiant heat transfer for the flame to material. Additionally, the adoption of low‐carbon waste fuels (including oil, solvents, and paints) can decrease the generation and release of PICs (particularly TSP and CO), NO x , SO x , VOCs, metals, and PCDD‐F emissions . Waste oil is generally the most preferred due to its high heating value (17–38 MJ/kg) when compared to solvents (18–23 MJ/kg).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Co‐Combustion of Alternative Derived Fuels on Air Emission from Cement Plants: Particulates and Trace Species

Richards

Agranovski

2015

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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As cement manufacturing is heavily intensive on material and energy requirements, its increasing demand for global production is set to double the industries current emission rates. With an increasing concern on public health from particulates and trace pollutants (particulate matter, metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), dioxins, polychlorinated bi‐phenyls (PCBs), and others)) opportunities to reduce emission levels (while sustaining the plants’ required energy) require special attention. This paper presents an analysis on the air pollutant formation factors and subsequent unit mass emission factors (UMEFs) during the co‐combustion of alternative‐derived fuels (ADFs) in today's real‐world operating cement plants. Environmental emissions monitoring was conducted on ten cement batching plants while under normal and experimental operating conditions. In summary, the co‐combustion trials of ADFs have consistently shown to have minimal influence (or significant reduction) on the UMEF of particulates and trace pollutants. Some rather minor increase of pollutants’ release was detected only for the following situations; usage of carbon dust and wood chips slightly increased concentration of total PAHs, waste solvents increased levels of chromium and dioxins, and tire‐derived fuel caused concentration increase of most metals and total PCBs. The co‐combustion of ADF substitute has identified the key process parameters contributing to contaminate suppression being (i) complete combustion; (ii) percentage of ADF substitution and firing rate; (iii) pre‐calciner fuel calorific value and firing rate, gas temperature, and material temperature; (iv) rotary kiln fuel calorific value and firing rate, flame temperature, and residence time, and the gas and material temperatures; and (v) fuel/air ratio.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Co‐Combustion of Alternative Derived Fuels on Air Emission from Cement Plants: Particulates and Trace Species

Richards

Agranovski

2015

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…For cement production, different parameters were taken into account to the AFR prior to be incorporated into the production plants so as to eliminate their negative impacts. In fact, no specific criteria have been set toward this matter yet [24]. However, the adaptation have been set by individuals and have been based on easy handling of the AFR, its availability, its different characteristics including calorific value, moisture, volatile and ash content and others [25].…”

Section: Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (Afr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporation of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) to Produce a Sustainable Cement

Benlamoudi¹,

Khodja²

2018

IJET

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Throughout the last two decades, tremendous researches have been carried out to investigate the possibility to reduce the cement plants’ costs in terms of raw materials and fuel consumption. Different types of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR) have been used and proved their efficiencies such as sewage sludge, used tires, crushed aggregates, refuse derived fuel (RDF), red mud, ash and others. Generally, it has been deduced that the possibility to incorporate AFR to produce an acceptable quality of cement is related mainly to its calorific value and its chemical composition. As results, it was reported that incorporation of AFR has reached up to 100% for raw materials substitution and more than 30% for fossil fuel replacement. Nevertheless, the AFR may contain toxic components such as volatile content and heavy metals that need careful attention in its decisive use since it may pose serious problems to the environment and the living things. More parameters may affect the cement production cost including the moisture content of AFR, the burning temperature, the residential time, the accessibility to the AFR, the easy handling and others. The high moisture content of the AFR may increase the total cost of cement production because of the need of a high thermal energy to dry it prior to be incorporated into cement plant. Same thing goes with temperature needed by the AFR to be burned within the kiln. This overview summarizes the studies throughout the last two decades related to cement manufacturing by using AFR based on the main parameters studied by the researchers, the main advantages and the main disadvantages.

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“…, Mokrzycki and Uliasz‐Bochenczyk ; Bech ; Giannopoulos et al. a; Murray and Price ; EN 15359:2011; Fytili and Zabaniotou ; Panagiotou and Theofilou ) improve globally in renewable energy source utilization and efficiency (Worrell et al. ; Worrell and Galitsky ; Radwan ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial Wastes and By‐products as Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants: Evaluation of an Industrial Symbiosis Option

Tsiliyannis¹

2017

J of Industrial Ecology

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A ravenous fuel consumer, the cement industry may substitute fossil fuels by industrial wastes and by-products, identifying the industry as a key example of industrial symbiosis (IS). Benefits from industrial waste alternative fuels (IWAFs) include safe disposal, fossil fuel cost savings, gate fees, and greenhouse gas credits. Poor IWAFs, (high moisture, ash and halogen content) bring higher gate fees, but lessen clinker production. Thermal rating and blower capacity constraints should be satisfied in such a case study of IS. Cement plants must comply with potentially tighter emission limits, compared to fossil fuel utilization, despite higher pollutant precursors in IWAFs. Emissions' compliance, operational, and production implications are a few among several challenges when assessing multiple IWAF valorization as a symbiotic option from a systems' perspective. A novel method is proposed to quantitatively assess critical trade-offs. Species and energy transformations convey a rigorous picture of clinker level, kiln flue gas, and offgas volumes and lay the groundwork for screening, a priori selection, and process tuning. Necessary and sufficient compliance conditions and safety margins are presented in terms of process parameters and actual emissions' data. Main challenges posed by high flue gas, high offgas volumes, high moisture, low heating value, increased nitrogen oxides emissions, and high halogen and metal content are quantified. As demonstrated in a case study of an actual 1.5 × 10 6 tonnes per annum clinker plant in this paper, concurrent use of several IWAFs may increase clinker production, while satisfying operational constraints and maintaining compliance. The method may serve for devising IWAF preparation, or tuning mechanisms expanding IWAF valorization.

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Quantification of emissions from the co-incineration of cutting oil emulsions in cement plants – Part I: NOx, CO and VOC

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of Co‐Combustion of Alternative Derived Fuels on Air Emission from Cement Plants: Particulates and Trace Species

Influence of Co‐Combustion of Alternative Derived Fuels on Air Emission from Cement Plants: Particulates and Trace Species

Incorporation of Alternative Fuels and Raw Materials (AFR) to Produce a Sustainable Cement

Industrial Wastes and By‐products as Alternative Fuels in Cement Plants: Evaluation of an Industrial Symbiosis Option

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