Quantification of leaf shape with a microcomputer and Fourier transform

Kincaid, Dwight T.; Schneider, Robert

doi:10.1139/b83-256

Cited by 122 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Leaf shape was quantified with a leaf dissection index (defined as perimeter=[2√ (area p)]; Kincaid and Schneider 1983), measured on two leaves per plant using ImageJ (Rasband 2011). Specific leaf area (SLA; area/dry weight) came from disks of 0.55 cm diameter punched from the same two leaves and weighed after 48 h drying at 607C (to 0.001 mg precision; disks were 0.3 cm diameter for the 670 The American Naturalist…”

Section: Measuring Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Genetic Architecture at Latitudinal Range Boundaries: Reduced Variation but Higher Trait Independence

Paccard

Buskirk

Willi

2016

The American Naturalist

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Species distribution limits are hypothesized to be caused by small population size and limited genetic variation in ecologically relevant traits, but earlier studies have not evaluated genetic variation in multivariate phenotypes. We asked whether populations at the latitudinal edges of the distribution have altered quantitative genetic architecture of ecologically relevant traits compared with midlatitude populations. We calculated measures of evolutionary potential in nine Arabidopsis lyrata populations spanning the latitudinal range of the species in eastern and midwestern North America. Environments at the latitudinal extremes have reduced water availability, and therefore plants were assessed under wet and dry treatments. We estimated genetic variance-covariance (G-) matrices for 10 traits related to size, development, and water balance. Populations at southern and northern distribution edges had reduced levels of genetic variation across traits, but their G-matrices were more spherical; G-matrix orientation was unrelated to latitude. As a consequence, the predicted short-term response to selection was at least as strong in edge populations as in central populations. These results are consistent with genetic drift eroding variation and reducing the effectiveness of correlational selection at distribution margins. We conclude that genetic variation of isolated traits poorly predicts the capacity to evolve in response to multivariate selection and that the response to selection may frequently be greater than expected at species distribution margins because of genetic drift. abstract: Species distribution limits are hypothesized to be caused by small population size and limited genetic variation in ecologically relevant traits, but earlier studies have not evaluated genetic variation in multivariate phenotypes. We asked whether populations at the latitudinal edges of the distribution have altered quantitative genetic architecture of ecologically relevant traits compared with midlatitude populations. We calculated measures of evolutionary potential in nine Arabidopsis lyrata populations spanning the latitudinal range of the species in eastern and midwestern North America. Environments at the latitudinal extremes have reduced water availability, and therefore plants were assessed under wet and dry treatments. We estimated genetic variance-covariance (G-) matrices for 10 traits related to size, development, and water balance. Populations at southern and northern distribution edges had reduced levels of genetic variation across traits, but their G-matrices were more spherical; G-matrix orientation was unrelated to latitude. As a consequence, the predicted short-term response to selection was at least as strong in edge populations as in central populations. These results are consistent with genetic drift eroding variation and reducing the effectiveness of correlational selection at distribution margins. We conclude that genetic variation of isolated traits poorly predicts the capacity to evolve in respons...

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Section: Measuring Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Genetic Architecture at Latitudinal Range Boundaries: Reduced Variation but Higher Trait Independence

Paccard

Buskirk

Willi

2016

The American Naturalist

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“…Whole leaves were digitally photographed using a SteReo Lumar V12 stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) at 6.4× magnification, and the images were analyzed with AxioVision Rel 4.8 (Carl Zeiss) and leaf length, width, area, perimeter and shape coefficient (defined according to [25]) were determined.…”

Section: Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Downregulation of chloroplast protease AtDeg5 leads to changes in chronological progression of ontogenetic stages, leaf morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure in Arabidopsis

2015

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The chloroplast protein AtDeg5 is a serine-type protease peripherally attached to thylakoid membrane at its lumenal side. Since reliable data regarding the role of AtDeg5 in controlling the course of growth and developmental processes are extremely limited, two independent T-DNA insertional lines with different extent of AtDeg5 reduction were prepared and ontogenesis stage-based analysis performed. Both mutant lines displayed a compensatory overaccumulation of AtDeg8. The repression of AtDeg5 protease altered a range of phenotypic features in at least one of the mutants, with the most prominent being changes in chronological progression of development and growth of individual rosette leaves, flower production and silique ripening as well as in the area of fully expanded leaves and chloroplast ultrastructure. By analyzing the results of parallel-mutant screening we conclude that AtDeg8 overdose may rescue 23% of AtDeg5 deficiency with regard to some AtDeg5-controlled traits; alternatively AtDeg5 may have catalytic sites in excess so that these traits might remain unaltered when AtDeg5 pool is reduced by 23%. For some other AtDeg5-dependent traits the absence of excessive amount of AtDeg5 catalytic sites, lack of AtDeg5 dosage effect and inability of AtDeg8 to compensate deficiency or absence of AtDeg5 occurred.

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“…1. From the primary data the following variables were derived: 1) dissection index (DI) according to KINCAID and SCHNEIDER (1983), MCLELLAN (1993MCLELLAN ( , 2000: Dissection index is sensitive to different aspects of shape. Typically, the dissection index of an entire leaf is slightly larger than 1.0, and more deeply lobed or serrated leaves produce larger values (KINCAID and SCHNEIDER 1983).…”

Section: Morphological Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal leaf dimorphism in Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. (Rosaceae)

Kołodziejek¹,

Glińska²,

Michlewska³

2015

Acta Botanica Croatica

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-A pattern of seasonal changes in the morphological and anatomical leaf traits is reported for Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. of temperate-climate areas in central Poland. Leaf area, perimeter, dry mass and lamina thickness were measured in summer and autumn leaves of the same individuals. Dissection index, density and specifi c leaf area were calculated. Signifi cant differences were obtained between summer and autumn leaves obtained from the same individuals. The shapes of leaves of the P. argentea plants varied in the extent of incisions between teeth and the number of teeth on the margins. Fully expanded autumn leaves were larger in weight and area than summer leaves. The autumn leaves had lower leaf mass area and density than the summer leaves. Leaves were covered by considerably more trichomes in summer than in autumn. Anatomical leaf structure also changed with the season. The summer leaves were thick, with a lower number of chloroplasts in the cells of the compact mesophyll. Autumn leaves are thinner, with loose mesophyll. Chloroplasts from the two seasonal types of leaves differ on account of starch grain and plastoglobule content. The large variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confi rm great differences in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. Seasonal dimorphism of leaves may result from seasonal drought or from seasonality in leaf production, leaf fall or incoming solar radiation. Within this new context of seasonal leaf dimorphism, P. argentea can still be distinguished by the absence of deeply divided leafl ets on late-formed leaves. The results confi rmed the presence of several morpho-anatomical leaf traits of P. argentea that allow the species to adapt to environmental seasonal conditions.

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Quantification of leaf shape with a microcomputer and Fourier transform

Cited by 122 publications

References 25 publications

Quantitative Genetic Architecture at Latitudinal Range Boundaries: Reduced Variation but Higher Trait Independence

Quantitative Genetic Architecture at Latitudinal Range Boundaries: Reduced Variation but Higher Trait Independence

Downregulation of chloroplast protease AtDeg5 leads to changes in chronological progression of ontogenetic stages, leaf morphology and chloroplast ultrastructure in Arabidopsis

Seasonal leaf dimorphism in Potentilla argentea L. var. tenuiloba (Jord.) Sw. (Rosaceae)

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