Quantification of Lignin and Hexenuronic Acid in Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulps: A New Calibration Method for UVRR Spectroscopy and Evaluation of the Conventional Methods

Jääskeläinen, Anna‐Stiina; Saariaho, Anna-Maija; Vuorinen, Tapani

doi:10.1081/wct-200058239

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ultraviolet (UV) and resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy have routinely been used for lignin analysis since lignin exhibits an UV absorption peak [105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115]. Beech and pine lignin radicals, key intermediate species in lignin biosynthesis, were measured using Kerr-gated RR spectroscopy [105,106].…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin

Lupoi

Singh

Parthasarathi

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

307

188

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a b s t r a c tAs the attraction of creating biofuels and bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass has increased, researchers have been challenged with developing a better understanding of lignin structure, quantity and potential uses. Lignin has frequently been considered a waste-product from the deconstruction of plant cell walls, in attempts to isolate polysaccharides that can be hydrolyzed and fermented into fuel or other valuable commodities. In order to develop useful applications for lignin, accurate analytical instrumentation and methodologies are required to qualitatively and quantitatively assess, for example, what the structure of lignin looks like or how much lignin comprises a specific feedstock's cellular composition. During the past decade, various diverse strategies have been employed to elucidate the structure and composition of lignin. These techniques include using two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance to resolve overlapping spectral data, measuring biomass with vibrational spectroscopy to enable modeling of lignin content or monomeric ratios, methods to probe and quantify the linkages between lignin and polysaccharides, or refinements of established methods to provide higher throughput analyses, less use of consumables, etc. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of many of the advancements achieved in evaluating key lignin attributes. Emphasis is placed on research endeavored in the last decade.

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Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin

Lupoi

Singh

Parthasarathi

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

307

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Considering that the Raman spectra of lignins (syringyl, guaiacyl, and coumaryl) are complex, significant advances have been made to interpret them. This has come about as a result of studying, with a number of approaches, not only lignins (native [18], milled wood [18,42,43], and residual lignins [37,[44][45][46][47]) and their models (deuterated and normal dehydrogenation polymer [DHP] lignins [48] and a large number of lignin model compounds [38,49]) but also chemic ally modified (e.g., bleaching, hydrogenation, and acetylation) lignins and lignocellulosics [10,39,43,50,51]. An additional tool in the aid to interpretation has been the theoretical cal culations on lignin models wherein some degree of preliminary work has been done [52,53], but a lot more remains.…”

Section: Wood Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…UVRR spectroscopy was used [37,46,47,65] not only for determination of lignin in unbleached and fully bleached chemical pulps, but also to detect bleaching-related changes in residual lignin. Both lignin and hexenuronic acid could be investigated.…”

Section: Chemical Pulpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers

Agarwal

2008

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials

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This chapter reviews applications of Raman spectroscopy in the field of wood and pulp fibers. Most of the literature examined was published between 1998 and 2006. In addi tion to introduction, this chapter contains sections on wood and components, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, modified/treated wood, cellulose I crystallinity of wood fibers, and the "self-absorption" phenomenon in near-infrared (IR) Fourier-transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. When needed, the sections are further categorized into various subsections. For example, the section on wood and components contains a variety of topics ranging from Raman band assignments to molecular changes during tensile deformation. From this review it will become clear that Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical technique in the field of wood and pulp fibers. IntroductionTechniques that can provide information on the chemical constitution of wood and pulp fibers and on processing-related changes of these materials are of great interest. Raman spectroscopy [1] is one such technique that provides fundamental knowledge on a molecu lar level and does not require chemical treatment of the sample (contrary to the case, for example, in fluorescence and electron microscopy). It has become an important analyt ical technique for nondestructive, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of materials. The technique is useful in a number of areas, including analytical measurements, mechan istic studies, and structural determinations. Studying a sample is very simple and usually involves sampling an area of interest by directing a laser excitation beam and analyzing the collected molecularly specific scattered light [2]. Although initially, obtaining good-quality Raman data required operator skill and training, this has started to change as a result of the commercial availability of compact, easy-to-use, integrated instruments at reasonable cost.Nevertheless, although the specificity of Raman spectroscopy is very high, its sensitivity is somewhat poor. Considering that only a small number of the incident laser photons are inelastically scattered, the detection of analytes present in very low concentrations is limited. To overcome this problem, special Raman signal-enhancing techniques can be applied. The two most prominent approaches are the resonance Raman effect [3] and the

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“…Removal of HexA UVRR spectra of hardwood pulps possess a band at ~1655 cm -1 that is assigned to hexenuronic acid (HexA), which is a major substituent on residual xylan in kraft pulps (Halttunen et al 2001). The HexA content was calculated from the UVRR spectra according to Jääskeläinen et al 2005. The neutral sulfite treatment diminished the amount of HexA remarkably, which was unexpected (Figs.…”

Section: Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups and Guaiacyl Units Of Ligninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pulps were hydrolyzed by mild acid under standard conditions, and 2-furoic acid liberated from HexA was determined spectrophotometrically (Tenkanen et al 1999). HexA contents of the pulps were additionally calculated from their UVRR spectra using the relative band intensities of HexA (~1650 cm -1 ) and cellulose (1093 cm -1 ) (Jääskeläinen et al 2005). Similarly, the content of lignin in the pulps was obtained through relative band intensities of lignin (~1600 cm -1 ) and cellulose (1093 cm -1 ) (Jääskeläinen et al 2005).…”

Section: Hexeuronic Acid and Lignin Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Sulfite Treatment of Lignocellulosic Pulps

Warsta¹,

Vuorinen²

2013

BioResources

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Birch and eucalyptus kraft pulps were treated with sulfite solutions in neutral conditions (pH 7) at 170 °C for 60 min and at 190 °C for 180 min. The pulps were analyzed for kappa number, viscosity, carbohydrate composition, and optical properties. Additionally, UV resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy was applied to collect information on the contents of hexenuronic acid (HexA), lignin, and its phenolic hydroxyl groups. The sulfite treatments resulted in (i) depolymerization and partial dissolution of cellulose, (ii) partial dissolution of xylan and substantial decrease in its HexA content, and (iii) removal of the major part of lignin and increase in its phenolic hydroxyl group content. The extensive removal of HexA and depolymerization of cellulose by neutral sulfite were unexpected phenomena that have not been previously reported. According to their degree of polymerization (DP), the pulps were mainly in the form of microcrystalline cellulose after the more drastic treatments.

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Quantification of Lignin and Hexenuronic Acid in Bleached Hardwood Kraft Pulps: A New Calibration Method for UVRR Spectroscopy and Evaluation of the Conventional Methods

Cited by 33 publications

References 5 publications

Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin

Recent innovations in analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of lignin

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers

Neutral Sulfite Treatment of Lignocellulosic Pulps

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