Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Parenteau, Chantal S.; Wang, Nicholas; Zhang, Peng; Caird, Michelle S.; Wang, Stewart C.

doi:10.1080/15389588.2013.843774

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…; Parenteau et al. ; Yoganandan et al. ), such as higher rates of vertebral fractures and mechanical stress in females due to the smaller size (Gilsanz et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical vertebral body growth and emergence of sexual dimorphism: a developmental study using computed tomography

et al. 2019

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The size and shape of human cervical vertebral bodies serve as a reference for measurement or treatment planning in multiple disciplines. It is therefore necessary to understand thoroughly the developmental changes in the cervical vertebrae in relation to the changing biomechanical demands on the neck during the first two decades of life. To delineate sex‐specific changes in human cervical vertebral bodies, 23 landmarks were placed in the midsagittal plane to define the boundaries of C2 to C7 in 123 (73 M; 50 F) computed tomography scans from individuals, ages 6 months to 19 years. Size was calculated as the geometric area, from which sex‐specific growth trend, rate, and type for each vertebral body were determined, as well as length measures of local deformation‐based morphometry vectors from the centroid to each landmark. Additionally, for each of the four pubertal‐staged age cohorts, sex‐specific vertebral body wireframes were superimposed using generalized Procrustes analysis to determine sex‐specific changes in form (size and shape) and shape alone. Our findings reveal that C2 was unique in achieving more of its adult size by 5 years, particularly in females. In contrast, C3–C7 had a second period of accelerated growth during puberty. The vertebrae of males and females were significantly different in size, particularly after puberty, when males had larger cervical vertebral bodies. Male growth outpaced female growth around age 10 years and persisted until around age 19–20 years, whereas females completed growth earlier, around age 17–18 years. The greatest shape differences between males and females occurred during puberty. Both sexes had similar growth in the superoinferior height, but males also displayed more growth in anteroposterior depth. Such prominent sex differences in size, shape, and form are likely the result of differences in growth rate and growth duration. Female vertebrae are thus not simply smaller versions of the male vertebrae. Additional research is needed to further quantify growth and help improve age‐ and sex‐specific guidance in clinical practice.

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“…; Parenteau et al. ; Yoganandan et al. ), such as higher rates of vertebral fractures and mechanical stress in females due to the smaller size (Gilsanz et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical vertebral body growth and emergence of sexual dimorphism: a developmental study using computed tomography

et al. 2019

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“…Considering the age range of the population was under the 69 year, the possibility of degenerative changes in the vertebra should be considered, which affects the dimensions of the vertebra. Other studies have shown the relationship between age and dimensions of cervical vertebra [4,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Sex from second and seventh cervical vertebras in Iranian adult population using Computed Tomography scan images

Mostafavi

Memarian

Amiri³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objectives The study aimed to estimating the sex from several metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras using Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of a series of Iranian adult populations. In this study, sexual dimorphism of 15 indexes of second cervical vertebra and 10 indexes of the seventh cervical vertebra were investigated. Indexes were obtained from CT scan images of 70 patients who underwent CT scan imaging for other indications.Results Among measured dimensions of the second vertebra, 9 were associated with sex. Of these indexes, Maximum width of the superior Facet and Maximum height of axis were independent predictors of sex with correct sex classification of 81.4% when used in combination. Four of 10 seventh vertebra’s indexes were associated with sex: Length of superior facets, Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, Width of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, and the Length of spinous process. Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body and the Length of spinous process were independent sex predictors and together provided sex classification accuracy of 78.6%. We found considerable accuracy in sex classification by using metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras in the Iranian adult population.

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“…Analytic morphomics. Individual morphomic parameters were computed as previously described (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). In brief, a custom-built MATLAB-based (The Mathworks Inc., Natick, MA) algorithm was used to identify vertebral elements in a semiautomated manner from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICM) files of CT scans.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Area Improves Estimation of Aminoglycoside Clearance across Body Size

Crass

Ross

Derstine

et al. 2018

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

Self Cite

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A consistent approach to the dosing of aminoglycosides across the modern body size distribution has been elusive. We evaluated whether radiologically derived measures of body composition could explain more of the interpatient variability in aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics (PK) than standard body size metrics. This retrospective study included adult patients treated with gentamicin or tobramycin with at least three drug concentrations and computed tomography (CT) imaging available. Aminoglycoside volume and clearance (CL) estimates were computed using a two-compartment model by Bayesian analysis. Morphomic data were extracted from CT images using a custom algorithm. Bivariable and multivariable linear regression were used to assess relationships between PK parameters and covariates. A total of 335 patients were included with a median (minimum, maximum) of 4 (3, 16) aminoglycoside concentrations per patient. The median (minimum, maximum) age, height, and weight of included patients were 57 (21, 93) years, 170 (145, 203) centimeters, and 81 (42, 187) kilograms. Both standard and morphomic measures poorly explained variability in volume ( < 0.06). Skeletal muscle area and volume explained more of the interpatient variability in CL than weight or sex. Higher precision was observed using a modified Cockcroft-Gault equation with skeletal muscle area at L3 ( 0.38) or L4 ( 0.37) than the standard Cockcroft-Gault equation using lean ( 0.23), adjusted ( 0.23), or total ( 0.22) body weights. These results highlight that skeletal muscle measurements from CT images obtained in the course of care can improve the precision of aminoglycoside CL estimation over current body size scalars.

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Quantification of Pediatric and Adult Cervical Vertebra—Anatomical Characteristics by Age and Gender for Automotive Application

Cited by 20 publications

References 70 publications

Cervical vertebral body growth and emergence of sexual dimorphism: a developmental study using computed tomography

Cervical vertebral body growth and emergence of sexual dimorphism: a developmental study using computed tomography

Estimating Sex from second and seventh cervical vertebras in Iranian adult population using Computed Tomography scan images

Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Area Improves Estimation of Aminoglycoside Clearance across Body Size

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