“…The acquired frames were corrected against the average intensity of 500 background images, where the intensity of the mean of dark background images was subtracted from the signal as dark noise correction before commencing data collection for the experiment, and an area of 200 × 200 pixels of the corrected speckle pattern was used for 1/K 2 s calculation. In our initial experiment, we compared the SCOS results with a lab-standard diffuse correlation spectroscopy system, which was detailed in our previous publication [32]. Briefly, the DCS system consists of a long-coherence (~10 m) laser source (785 nm Crysta-Laser Inc., Reno, NV, USA), eight NIR-optimized single-photon counting modules (SPCM-NIR, Excelitas, Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC, Canada), and an 8-channel auto-correlator board (Correlator.com), of which one channel was used.…”