1995
DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.15.7.893
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Quantification of Plasminogen Activators and Their Inhibitors in the Aortic Vessel Wall in Relation to the Presence and Severity of Atherosclerotic Disease

Abstract: Increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been demonstrated in the human atherosclerotic vessel wall and may contribute to the impaired plasma fibrinolytic capacity in patients at high risk of atherothrombotic events. In addition, the mural PA/plasmin system may have important pathobiologic functions during atherogenesis. We quantitatively analyzed PAs of the tissue type (TPA) and urokinase type (UPA), PAIs, and plasminogen in protein extracts from different layers of human aorta in… Show more

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Cited by 113 publications
(68 citation statements)
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“…These findings diminish enthusiasm for uPA gene therapy as a strategy for preventing intravascular thrombosis. Our study also suggests that uPA expression, which is elevated in atherosclerotic human arteries (5)(6)(7)(8), could contribute to the progression of human atherosclerosis. In the present study, uPA expression is increased in endothelium, whereas uPA is expressed predominantly by macrophages in more advanced human lesions (5).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 60%
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“…These findings diminish enthusiasm for uPA gene therapy as a strategy for preventing intravascular thrombosis. Our study also suggests that uPA expression, which is elevated in atherosclerotic human arteries (5)(6)(7)(8), could contribute to the progression of human atherosclerosis. In the present study, uPA expression is increased in endothelium, whereas uPA is expressed predominantly by macrophages in more advanced human lesions (5).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 60%
“…uPA is expressed by endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in normal human arteries (5). uPA expression is elevated in atherosclerotic human aortas, carotid arteries, and coronary arteries (5)(6)(7)(8), in which it is expressed by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and macrophages (5). Elevated uPA expression could contribute to vascular lesion formation by facilitating smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The PAI-1 concentration used experimentally is clearly higher than that in the circulation, which is approximately 0.5 nM. However, the concentration of PAI-1 in either venous or arterial thrombi is several orders of magnitude greater than in the circulation (43)(44)(45)(46)(47). Recent immunohistochemical studies suggest that, like PAI-1, vitronectin is concentrated along fibrin fibrils within thrombi in situ (45).…”
Section: Figmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The elevated PAI-1 levels may contribute to the macro-and microvascular complications of the disease (5). Numerous factors were shown to activate production of PAI-1, including insulin (6), platelet-derived growth factor (7), ␤-fibroblast growth factor (7), interleukin-1␤, transforming growth factor-␤ (8), angiotensin II (9), tumor necrosis factor-␣ (10), thrombin (11), and oxidation products (12), whereas interferon-␥ (13) inhibited PAI-1 production.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%