Quantification of PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; Concentration in Occupation Environment of Traffic Police Personnel in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal

Bashyal, Ashish; Majumder, Ahmad Kamruzzaman; Khanal, Sanjay Nath

doi:10.3126/kuset.v4i1.2886

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…No clear cut reasons have been found for this high preterm birth, but air pollution can arguably have an important impact on this. Air pollution is rising as an occupational hazard in Nepal, both in Kathmandu and in other cities like Pokhara, especially in traffic police who are being continuously exposed to dusty roads [ 51 , 52 ]. Due to this pulmonary functions have been significantly worsened in the traffic police working in Kathmandu [ 53 ].…”

Section: Impact On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threat of Ambient Air Pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal

Saud¹,

Paudel²

2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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Air pollution has been a major problem of 21st century for both developed and developing world. It has a negative impact on various environmental aspects which directly or indirectly affect the quality of human health. Nepal, especially Kathmandu, in the current situation, is observing rapid urbanization and various infrastructure development projects. As a result, these sorts of human activities have been responsible for increasing air pollution in an enormous rate inside Kathmandu Valley. Chronic exposure of deteriorated air increases the chance of Noncommunicable Disease (NCD) like lung disease, heart disease, and cancers. Short term exposures also invite respiratory diseases and allergy. This review is an attempt to summarize the updated knowledge on the threat of air pollution on public health and discuss the sources of air pollutants in Kathmandu. We reviewed the literatures that were published in PMC, MEDLINE, life science journals, and organization official websites and finally came up with the findings and their interpretation that reveal the current scenario in the context of Kathmandu's air quality status and its impact on human health. The knowledge about the invisible killer's role in causing acute and chronic diseases may help in finding out the answer of the question regarding its effect and prevention.

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Section: Impact On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Threat of Ambient Air Pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal

Saud¹,

Paudel²

2018

Journal of Environmental and Public Health

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“…17 A previous study used personal monitors to measure PM 10 at three high-density traffic locations in Pokhara over 7 days, although measurements were of the location, not individuals, and the monitor was passed between traffic police (TP) at the same location as shifts changed. 18 This study showed the range of exposure for the location of a TP at the street crossing for a day (0730 --1930 hours) without accounting for shift changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to airborne particulate matter in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Gurung

Bell

2012

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, has severe air pollution, although few studies examine air pollution and health in this region. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies in Nepal used time-activity diaries or conducted personal monitoring of individuals' exposures. We investigated personal exposure of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) by location, occupation, and proximity to roadways. PM(2.5) monitoring, time-activity diary, respiratory health questionnaire, and spirometer testing were performed from 28 June 2009 to 7 August 2009 for 36 subjects, including traffic police (TP), indoor officer workers next to main road (IOWs_NMR) and away from main road (IOWs_AMR), in urban area (UA), urban residential area, and semi-UA (SUA). TP had the highest exposure of all the occupations (average 51.2 μg/m(3), hourly maximum >500 μg/m(3)). TP levels were higher at the UA than other locations. IOW_NMR levels (averaged 46.9 μg/m(3)) were higher than those of IOW_AMR (26.2 μg/m(3)). Exposure was generally higher during morning rush hours (0800-1100 hours) than evening rush hours (1500-1800 hours) for all occupations and areas (78% of days for TP and 84% for urban IOW). PM(2.5) personal exposures for each occupation at each location exceeded the World Health Organization ambient PM(2.5) guideline (25 μg/m(3)). Findings suggest potential substantial health impacts of air pollution on this region, especially for TP.

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“…The sun photometer at Pokhara is located near Pokhara city, which has significant local urban emission sources. A previous study at Pokhara found that the diurnal mean concentration of PM 10 was higher in the morning (07:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.) and evening (03:30 p.m. to 07:30 p.m.) than in the afternoon (11:30 a.m. to 03:30 p.m.) (Bashyal et al, 2008). The same pattern was also found in Kathmandu, 145 km east of Pokhara (Panday and Prinn, 2009).…”

Section: Xu Et Al: Similarities and Differences Of Aerosol Opticamentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and differences of aerosol optical properties between southern and northern sides of the Himalayas

Panday

et al. 2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. The Himalaya mountains along the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau act as a natural barrier for the transport of atmospheric aerosols from the polluted regions of South Asia to the main body of the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, we investigate the seasonal and diurnal variations of aerosol optical properties measured at two Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites on the southern side of the Himalaya (Pokhara, 812 m above sea level (a.s.l.) and EVK2-CNR, 5079 m a.s.l. in Nepal) and one on the northern side (Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) station for Atmospheric and Environmental Observation and Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (QOMS_CAS) in Tibet, 4076 m a.s.l. in China). While observations at QOMS_CAS and EVK2-CNR can generally be representative of a remote background atmosphere, Pokhara is a lower-elevation suburban site with much higher aerosol load due to both the influence of local anthropogenic activities and to its proximity to the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The annual mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) during the investigated period was 0.05 at QOMS_CAS, 0.04 at EVK2-CNR and 0.51 at Pokhara, respectively. Seasonal variations of aerosols are profoundly affected by large-scale atmospheric circulation. Vegetation fires, peaking during April in the Himalayan region and northern India, contribute to a growing fine mode AOD at the three stations. Dust transported to these sites, wind erosion and hydrated/cloudprocessed aerosols lead to an increase in coarse mode AOD during the monsoon season at QOMS_CAS and EVK2-CNR. Meanwhile, coarse mode AOD at EVK2-CNR is higher than at QOMS_CAS in August and September, indicating that the transport of coarse mode aerosols from the southern to the northern side may be effectively reduced. The effect of precipitation scavenging is clearly seen at Pokhara, which sees significantly reduced aerosol loads during the monsoon season. Unlike the seasonal variations, diurnal variations are mainly influenced by meso-scale systems and local topography. The diurnal pattern in precipitation appears to contribute to diurnal changes in AOD through the effect of precipitation scavenging. AOD exhibits diurnal patterns related to emissions in Pokhara, while it does not at the other two high-altitude sites. At EVK2-CNR, the daytime airflow carries aerosols up from lower-altitude polluted regions, leading to increasing AOD, while the other two stations are less influenced by valley winds. Surface heating influences the local convection, which further controls the vertical aerosol exchange and the diffusion rate of pollution to the surrounding areas. Fine and coarse mode particles Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. C. Xu et al.: Similarities and differences of aerosol optical propertiesare mixed together on the southern side of the Himalaya in spring, which may lead to the greater inter-annual difference in diurnal cycles of Ångström exponent (AE) at EVK2-CNR than that at QOMS_CAS.

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Quantification of PM<sub>10</sub> Concentration in Occupation Environment of Traffic Police Personnel in Pokhara Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The Threat of Ambient Air Pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal

The Threat of Ambient Air Pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal

Exposure to airborne particulate matter in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Similarities and differences of aerosol optical properties between southern and northern sides of the Himalayas

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