“…In the previous studies carried out by Liu et al (2006Liu et al ( , 2007 using micromanipulation and direct observation techniques to measure the adhesive and cohesive force of heat-induced gels, they found that HIOVAG had a lower adhesive than cohesive strength, while whey protein deposits had a lower cohesive than adhesive strength. In addition, for HIO-VAG, the apparent adhesive strength of HIOVAG was a function of heating temperature, OVA concentration, NaOH concentration and exposure time in NaOH solution.…”