Quantification of Vertical Ground Reaction Forces of Popular Bilateral Plyometric Exercises

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to quantify the vertical ground reaction forces (VGRFs) developed during the performance of popular bilateral plyometric movements. Fourteen power-oriented track and field men of collegiate and national level randomly performed 3 trials of 9 different bilateral plyometric exercises in a single testing session. Three depth drop (DD) and 3 depth jump (DJ) conditions from 30, 60, and 90 cm heights (DD30, DD60, and DD90 and DJ30, DJ60, and DJ90) were tested, in addition to vertical jump (VJ), standing long jump (SLJ), and 2 consecutive jump (2CJ) conditions. Peak impact VGRFs were normalized to body weight. Additionally, all conditions were compared against the VJ in an intensity index. The SLJ condition resulted in a significantly higher peak VGRF than the 2CJ condition (p < or = 0.05). 90DD, 90DJ, 60DD, and SLJ had a significantly greater peak VGRF (5.39, 4.93, 4.30, and 4.22 times body weight, respectively) than the VJ condition (3.34 times body weight). The 30DJ condition had an insignificantly smaller peak VGRF (2.78 times body weight) when compared with the VJ. Practitioners may use these findings to more effectively progress athletes in these movements based on their intensities.

Intensity rankings of plyometric exercises using joint power absorption

“…PGRF/BW (Wallace et al 2010) E-RFD (Jensen & Ebben 2007) KRF/BW (Jensen & Ebben 2007) EMG gastrocnemius (Ebben et al 2008) EMG quadriceps (Ebben et al 2008) Time to stabilization men Time to stabilization women Ebben et al (2008). ‡ Referred to as double-leg vertical jump and reach (Vertical Jump) and single-leg vertical jump and reach (Single-Leg Jump) by Ebben et al (2008). subject and fixed effect of exercise (VertJ, ForwJ, BackJ, BoxD, BoxJ, TuckJ, DepthJ) was performed for SPP and for JPP in each joint (ankle, knee, hip).…”

“…Second, drop height was not measured. Several investigations indicate that a positive correlation exists between drop height and intensity (Bobbert et al, 1987;Wallace et al, 2010); however this study aimed to eliminate the height variable by scaling the box and hurdle for each subject. Third, a limited number of exercises were tested in this investigation.…”

“…Most measures were taken directly from the ground reaction force during landing such as peak vertical ground reaction force (Wallace et al, 2010), rate of force development (Jensen and Ebben, 2007), and time to stabilization . Jensen and Ebben (2007) also examined knee joint reaction forces to assess the stresses placed on muscles, connective tissues, and joints.…”

The Effects of Single Versus Repeated Plyometrics on Landing Biomechanics and Jumping Performance in Men

“…Plyometrics are associated with high ground reaction forces during landing, which may exceed 3 and 5-7 times the body mass of individuals, in the CMJ and DJ, respectively [15, 28]. These forces may result in muscle soreness [12] and ligament overloading [21], and can cause musculoskeletal injuries [1, 19].…”

Exercise Box Jump to Increase the Strength of Long Passes and Shots

“…Of the various basic techniques above, the passing technique is the most common thing performed in this game. The basis for playing good football is a good passing ability [1]. The technique of kicking is divided into two namely horizontal kick and the soaring kick.…”