Quantification of Volumetric Bone Mineral Density of Proximal Femurs Using a Two-Compartment Model and Computed Tomography Images

Abstract

Objectives Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is frequently used to measure the areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in clinical practice. However, DXA measurements are affected by the bone thickness and the body size and are unable to indicate nonosseous areas within the trabecular bone. This study aims to quantify the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) using computed tomography (CT) images and the two-compartment model (TCM) methods. Methods The TCM method was proposed and validated by dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) phantoms and a standard forearm phantom. 28 cases with DXA scans and pelvic CT scans acquired within six months were retrospectively collected. The vBMD calculated by TCM was compared with the aBMD obtained from DXA. Results For the K2HPO4 phantoms with vBMD ranging from 0.135 to 0.467 g/cm3, the average difference between the real and calculated vBMD was 0.009 g/cm3 and the maximum difference was 0.019 g/cm3. For the standard forearm phantom with vBMD of 0.194, 0.103, and 0.054 g/cm3, the average differences between the real and calculated vBMD were 0.017, 0.014, and 0.011 g/cm3. In the clinical CT image validation, a good linear relationship between vBMD and aBMD was observed with the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.920 (p < 0.01). Conclusions The proposed TCM method in combination with the homemade cortical bone equivalent phantom provides accurate quantification and spatial distribution of bone mineral content.

Performance of bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in assessment of bone quality in Egyptian male patients with ankylosing spondylitis

“…DXA technique represents the gold standard for evaluating BMD that is currently considered the best predictor of osteoporotic fractures; however, DXA is constrained by the bidimensional nature of the radiographic projection [23]. In diseases like AS and osteoarthritis, formation of syndesmophytes or osteophytes in the lumbar spine, or sclerosis of the vertebral endplates, leads to inadequate DXA results.…”

A novel numerical model for the prediction of patient-dependent bone density loss in microgravity based on micro-CT images

“…Based on this comparison, it is estimated that for a 12 months space mission, bone loss would be about 18 % of its initial amount of mineral content. Liu et al [76] proposed a linear relation between the volumetric BMD (vBMD, determined by a Two Compartment Model Method) and area BMD (aBMD, obtained from DXA). Following this approach, we applied this linear relation to evaluate the amount of vBMD compared to aBMD for the bone loss estimated by Qin et al [75].…”