Quantified stereological macrodispersion analysis of polymer nanocomposites

Lively, Brooks; Smith, P.G.; Wood, Weston; Maguire, Russell; Zhong, Wei‐Hong

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.01.012

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To this end, a detailed SEM analysis is carried out to study the microstructure of nanocomposite samples processed with different types of CNTs at varying concentration. Recently, a numerical tool QSMA is developed by Lively et al for quantitative determination of agglomerate size of the filler in polymer matrix and the same has been used in the present work to quantitatively analyze the dispersion quality of different variants of CNTs in epoxy matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to compare the relative quality of CNT dispersion in various nanocomposites, the size and number of agglomerates is calculated with the help of QSMA tool based on the Matlab rendered SEM micrographs presented in Figures and . Results of the QSMA analysis are compared in Figure for different composite samples fabricated in this work.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dispersion efficiency is quantified using stereological macro‐dispersion analysis (QSMA) tool Celzard et al It is shown that functionalization indeed helps to achieve better dispersion even at higher CNT concentration in epoxy. In addition, at a constant weight fraction, the degree of relative property improvement depends on the uniformity of dispersion and hence on the purification and functionalization treatment imparted to nanotubes. Since, strong and conductive polymers are the current demand of the industry such as in aerospace and biomedical applications, experiments are carried out to evaluate the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Tiwari

Billing

Bedi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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An experimental study is carried out to quantitatively assess the dispersion quality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in epoxy matrix as a function of CNT variant and weight fraction. To this end, two weight fractions (0.05% and 0.25%) of as-grown, oxidized, and functionalized CNTs are used to process CNT/epoxy nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared analysis of different variants of CNTs are used to establish the efficiency of purification route. While the relative change in mechanical properties is investigated through tensile and micro-hardness testing, thermal conductivity of different nanocomposites is measured to characterize the effect of CNT addition on the average thermal properties of epoxy. Later on, a quantitative analysis is carried out to establish the relationship between the observed improvements in average composite properties with the dispersion quality of CNTs in epoxy. It is shown that carboxylic (-COOH) functionalization reduces the average CNT agglomerate size and thus ensures better dispersion of CNTs in epoxy even at higher CNT weight fraction. The improved dispersion leads to enhanced interfacial interaction at the CNT/epoxy interface and hence provides higher relative improvement in nanocomposite properties compared to the samples prepared using as-grown and oxidized CNTs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Tiwari

Billing

Bedi

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…A discussion on the background and accuracy of this stereological estimation procedure can be found in the following works. [21][22][23] Material property testing DMA was performed on the nanocomposites using a TA Instrument Tritec 2000 Model in a single cantilever bending mode (17 Â 1.4 Â 10 mm). Tests were conducted at 1 Hz under 0.0300% strain from room temperature to 180 C at a ramp rate of 3 C/min.…”

Section: Image Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently in polymer nanocomposite technology, there has been a large push to quantify the nanofiller states within the polymer nanocomposite for improved microstructurematerial property relationship understanding. 14,15,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Additionally, quantifying dispersion states can be used for quality and assessment procedures as well as increase the effectiveness of process optimization and comparison. To increase the practicality and industry friendliness of polymer nanocomposites, realistic quantitative tools need to be developed to describe nanocomposite systems, especially masterbatches which are often assumed to be well dispersed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative analysis tool for quality assessment of nanocomposite masterbatches

Lively

Smoot

Sangari

et al. 2013

Journal of Composite Materials

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The use of masterbatches for increasing the industry friendliness of polymer nanocomposite production has grown in popularity over the last several years but is lacking a proper method for quality assessment. As the quality of a masterbatch is a critical pre-requisite for obtaining resultant high quality nanocomposites, a quantitative dispersion analysis tool viable and practical for industry use was studied in this paper. Polycarbonate/carbon nanotube masterbatches (10 wt.%) were prepared with a controlled dispersion state and their dispersion quality was assessed with a new quantitative stereological macrodispersion analysis tool. At the same time, the dispersion quality of the resultant twostep nanocomposites (diluted to 1 wt.%) was also assessed with the same method. It was demonstrated that the dispersion quality of the masterbatch has a significant effect on the quality of the second step composites. To confirm this relation, the material properties closely related to the dispersion quality of the masterbatch and diluted composites were studied. Moreover, we show that the use of stereology for the estimation of the bulk agglomeration state of a masterbatch system may yield a significant increase in accuracy over conventional methods.

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) foams reinforced with carbon nanotubes for stapedial annular ligament applications

Bhinder

Agnihotri

2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study aims to develop carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) foams as a possible material for stapedial annular ligament (SAL) application. As-grown (AG) and purified CNTs are used as reinforcing fillers for PVA foams. Uniaxial and cyclic compression tests reveal that specific modulus and energy dissipation behavior improve after reinforcing foam with CNTs. A relatively higher improvement in specific modulus is recorded for purified CNTs as they tend to produce stiffer cell walls. Thermogravimetric analysis shows thermal stability improves after addition of CNTs in PVA foams. The 50 wt % degradation temperature is higher for PVA_AG foam in comparison to neat PVA foam. Under dynamic loading storage, modulus is found to be higher for CNT doped foams with higher relative improvement with purified CNTs than AG CNTs. It is shown that reinforcing PVA foams with purified CNTs is a feasible strategy to improve their average mechanical properties and microstructure for SAL application. While the specific elastic modulus of neat PVA foam found to be in range of 0.05-0.06 MPa gcc −1 with almost zero porosity. The addition of CNTs provides a wide range of specific elastic modulus 0.1-1.3 MPa gcc −1 with an average pores size of about 300 μm.

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Quantified stereological macrodispersion analysis of polymer nanocomposites

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

Quantification of carbon nanotube dispersion and its correlation with mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites

A quantitative analysis tool for quality assessment of nanocomposite masterbatches

Poly(vinyl alcohol) foams reinforced with carbon nanotubes for stapedial annular ligament applications

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