Quantifying Temperature Effects on Fall Chinook Salmon

Jager, Yetta

doi:10.2172/1047614

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Embryo hatch date was estimated using a Chinook salmon incubation model based on water temperature (Alderdice & Velsen ; Jager ). On the estimated hatch date, tubes were retrieved from redds.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing competing life‐stage requirements in salmon habitat rehabilitation: between a rock and a hard place

Merz

Caldwell

Beakes

et al. 2018

Restoration Ecology

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Gravel augmentation is often applied to rivers and streams to rehabilitate salmonid spawning and incubation habitat. However, the effect of gravel size on salmon spawning utilization and embryo survival during incubation is not well understood. We conducted an experiment on a regulated and previously mined Northern California salmonid-bearing stream in which different sized gravel (small, medium, and large) patches were placed into the stream's degraded spawning reach. We documented Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Chinook salmon) spawning activity within the three gravel sizes for two seasons. In addition, we deployed Chinook salmon embryos into each gravel size patch and allowed them to incubate until estimated emergence time. Although all experimental gravel sizes were predicted to be within the spawning population's mobilization capabilities, model results indicated the probability of salmon building redds decreased as substrate size increased. Conversely, embryo survival increased as gravel size increased. A possible mechanism of disparate Chinook salmon embryo survival is provided by an observed decrease in embryo survival correlating with greater presence of embryo predators (leeches), which are associated with smaller gravel. Our results indicate a parent-offspring conflict in optimal spawning gravel size for Chinook salmon, and suggest that an intermediate gravel size would maximize overall reproductive success across both spawning and incubation life stages.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Balancing competing life‐stage requirements in salmon habitat rehabilitation: between a rock and a hard place

Merz

Caldwell

Beakes

et al. 2018

Restoration Ecology

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“…The simulated fish that had the earliest migration date from Bonneville Dam always had relatively slow travel rates to spawn because the spawning date (10 October) was dictated by when river temperatures in Hells Canyon declined to <16°C—the temperature threshold for spawning and egg survival (Boles, ; Groves & Chandler, ; Jager, ). For these fish, their temperature exposure and energy loss were always relatively high, having 100% probability of falling below the energetic threshold of 4 kJ/g and dying before their spawning date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(). Second, Chinook salmon are known to forego spawning until water temperatures fall below 16°C, which coincides with the temperature where egg survival increases rapidly (Boles, ; Jager, ). Migration and spawning dates were randomly drawn 100,000 times using a uniform distribution, and travel times were calculated as the difference in time between the randomly chosen migration and spawning dates, thus, travel rates (km/day) of the fish during simulations were assumed constant and were calculated by dividing the total distance to the spawning grounds (603 km; Table ) by each simulated fish's travel time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A bioenergetics evaluation of temperature‐dependent selection for the spawning phenology by Snake River fall Chinook salmon

Plumb

2018

Ecology and Evolution

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High water temperatures can increase the energetic cost for salmon to migrate and spawn, which can be important for Snake River fall‐run Chinook salmon because they migrate great distances (>500 km) at a time when river temperatures (18–24°C) can be above their optimum temperatures (16.5°C). Average river temperatures and random combinations of migration and spawning dates were used to simulate fish travel times and determine the energetic consequences of different thermal experiences during migration. An energy threshold criterion (4 kJ/g) was also imposed on survival and spawning success, which was used to determine how prevailing temperatures might select against certain migration dates and thermal experiences, and in turn, explain the selection for the current spawning phenology of the population. Scenarios of tributary use for thermal refugia under increasing water temperatures (1, 2, and 3°C) were also run to determine which combinations of migration dates, travel rates, and resulting thermal experiences might be most affected by energy exhaustion. As expected, when compared to observations, the model under existing conditions and energy use could explain the onset, but not the end of the observed spawning migration. Simulations of early migrants had greater energy loss than late migrants regardless of the river temperature scenario, but higher temperatures disproportionately selected against a larger fraction of early‐migrating fish, although using cold‐water tributaries during migration provided a buffer against higher energy use at higher temperatures. The fraction of simulated fish that exceeded the threshold for migration success increased from 58% to 72% as average seasonal river temperatures over baseline temperatures increased. The model supports the conclusion that increases in average seasonal river temperatures as little as 1°C could impose greater thermal constraints on the fish, select against early migrants, and in turn, truncate the onset of the current spawning migration.

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“…Egg survival is known to decrease rapidly at temperatures less than about 4 °C and greater than 15-17 °C (Boles, 1988;Jager, 2011). We used a study by Geist and others (2006), who noted no egg mortality at temperatures less than 17 °C, but high mortality once this threshold was exceeded.…”

Section: Spawning Egg Development and Egg Survival Submodelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model structure of the stream salmonid simulator (S3)—A dynamic model for simulating growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmonids

Perry¹,

Plumb²,

Jones³

et al. 2018

Open-File Report

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Quantifying Temperature Effects on Fall Chinook Salmon

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Balancing competing life‐stage requirements in salmon habitat rehabilitation: between a rock and a hard place

Balancing competing life‐stage requirements in salmon habitat rehabilitation: between a rock and a hard place

A bioenergetics evaluation of temperature‐dependent selection for the spawning phenology by Snake River fall Chinook salmon

Model structure of the stream salmonid simulator (S3)—A dynamic model for simulating growth, movement, and survival of juvenile salmonids

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