Quantifying the defensiveness of defended sites on the Northwest Coast of North America

Martindale, Andrew; Supernant, Kisha

doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2009.01.001

Cited by 38 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Quantitative methods currently exist for measuring defenses (e.g., Arkush 2011:147;Martindale and Supernant 2009). These methods record various defensive features at a site to create a single composite defensive score for each site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping With Conflict: Defensive Strategies and Chronic Warfare in the Prehispanic Nazca Region

McCool¹

2017

Latin Am. antiq.

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Warfare was a prevalent phenomenon throughout the Andes during the Late Intermediate period (LIP; AD 1000-1450). A salient research topic within broader investigations of conflict is how populations En los Andes, la guerra fue una ocurrencia frecuente y significativa durante el período Intermedio tardío (1000-1450 dC). La adaptación de las poblaciones a la guerra continua es un tema importante dentro de las investigaciones generales sobre conflictos. Este artículo utiliza análisis estadísticos y por medio de SIG de rasgos arquitectónicos y patrones de asentamiento para reconstruir los mecanismos defensivos de 15 asentamientos fortificados en la región de Nazca, Perú. Específicamente, esta investigación evalúa cómo se emplearon las defensas artificiales (fortificaciones), la defensibilidad natural y la localización de los asentamientos para proteger a las poblaciones y los recursos críticos durante las incursiones enemigas. Los resultados

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coping With Conflict: Defensive Strategies and Chronic Warfare in the Prehispanic Nazca Region

McCool¹

2017

Latin Am. antiq.

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“…However, it cannot explain the spatial defensibility in the landscape with special preference to build defensive sites. While the defensibility model itself is an effective way to solve this problem (e.g., some defensive indexes are used to build simple models with some possible influencing factors [11,12]), however, with the drawback that the methods of choosing variables and defining their coefficients in the equation are strongly subjective. A more precise model of spatial defensibility is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GIS-Based Visibility Network and Defensibility Model to Reconstruct Defensive System of the Han Dynasty in Central Xinjiang, China

Zhu

Nie

Gao

et al. 2017

IJGI

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Abstract:The Silk Road opened during the Han Dynasty, and is significant in global cultural communication. Along this route in the central part of Xinjiang, the archaeological sites with defensive characteristics once provided a safeguard for this area. Reconstructing the defensive system is an important way to explore the ancient culture's propagation and the organizational structure of these sites. In this research, the compound visibility network with complex network analysis (CNA) and the least-cost paths based on the defensibility models from linear and logistic regression methods constitute the principle defensive structure. As possible transportation corridors, these paths are considered to be mostly fitted to each other in general, and are different from normal slope-based paths. The sites Kuhne Shahr and Agra play important roles for information control according to the CNA measures, while the sites Kuhne Shahr and Kuyux Shahr are considered to be crucial cities due to their positions and structural shapes. Some other sites, including Uzgen Bulak, Shah Kalandar, Chuck Castle, Caladar, and Qiuci, as well as some beacons, have important effects on defending the transportation corridors. This method is proven efficient for the study of the historical role of archaeological sites with defensive characteristics.

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“…Elsewhere in the Pacific Northwest of North America, Angelbeck (2009), Martindale and Supernant (2009), Maschner (1996b, and Moss and Erlandson (1992) have argued that endemic conflict may have had significant effects on settlement location and size, subsistence patterns, and political organization of prehistoric complex hunter-gatherers. In the Gulf of Georgia region of southwestern British Columbia (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include location of habitation sites on defensive landforms (LeBlanc, 1999;Maschner and Reedy-Maschner, 1998;Moss and Erlandson, 1992;Schaepe, 2006), line-of-sight communication between sites (Haas and Creamer, 1993;Jones, 2006;LeBlanc, 1999;Martindale and Supernant, 2009;Moss and Erlandson, 1992), defensive structures, such as palisades, ditches or trenches and prominent lookout points (Angelbeck, 2009;Haas and Creamer, 1993;LeBlanc, 1999;Martindale and Supernant, 2009;Maschner and Reedy-Maschner, 1998;Schaepe, 2006), burned sites (LeBlanc, 1999), skeletal trauma of human remains (Chatters, 1989;Cybulski, 2006;Lambert, 2002;LeBlanc, 1999;Milner, 1999), sex ratios of the deceased (Chatters, 1989;Cybulski, 2006;Lambert, 2002;LeBlanc, 1999;Milner, 1999), and weapons (LeBlanc, 1999). Currently, there is no archaeological evidence that can support factors of defensive structures, burned sites, and sex ratios of the deceased in the Mid-Fraser region due to a lack of systematic investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensibility of large prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau

Sakaguchi¹,

Morin

Dickie

2010

Journal of Archaeological Science

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Quantifying the defensiveness of defended sites on the Northwest Coast of North America

Cited by 38 publications

References 22 publications

Coping With Conflict: Defensive Strategies and Chronic Warfare in the Prehispanic Nazca Region

Coping With Conflict: Defensive Strategies and Chronic Warfare in the Prehispanic Nazca Region

GIS-Based Visibility Network and Defensibility Model to Reconstruct Defensive System of the Han Dynasty in Central Xinjiang, China

Defensibility of large prehistoric sites in the Mid-Fraser region on the Canadian Plateau

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