Quantifying the Structure and Extension Rate of the Linfen Basin, Shanxi Rift System Since the Latest Miocene: Implications for Continental Magma‐Poor Rifting

Abstract

The formation of magma‐poor continental rifts is an enigmatic process, as the weakening mechanism(s) for cratonic lithosphere remains uncertain in the absence of elevated lithospheric temperature. One view links weakening to melts hidden at depth, while another ascribes it to pre‐existing weaknesses. Long‐term extensional rates also influence lithospheric strength and rift evolution. We target the Linfen Basin (LB) in the magma‐poor Shanxi Rift System (SRS) in the North China Craton to understand these components. We apply cosmogenic 26Al/10Be burial dating on 14 core samples at different depths from three deep boreholes in the basin and obtain six valid burial ages ranging from 2.37+1.18/−1.21 to 5.86+inf/−1.37 Ma. We further re‐interpret a seismic reflection profile and quantify the geometry and amount of extension by forward structural modeling with multiple constraints based on extensional fault‐bend folding theory. The timing of the basal sedimentation is estimated to be ∼6.1 and ∼4.2 Ma in the southern and northern portions, respectively, indicating diachronous, northward‐propagating rifting. The amount and mean rate of extension are ∼3.6 km and ∼0.9 km/Myr, respectively. The basin depths increasing northward indicates the clockwise rotation of the basin. We propose a basin‐scale non‐rigid transtensional bookshelf faulting model to explain the rotation patterns of the circum‐Ordos basins. We argue that the inherited structures weaken the cratonic lithosphere of the SRS, and the low extension rate contributes to its magma‐poor nature. We propose a lithospheric‐scale evolution model for the LB, invoking the inherited crustal weakness, low extension rate, and lower lithosphere counterflow.

Geomorphic expressions of active rifting reflect the role of structural inheritance: A new model for the evolution of the Shanxi Rift, North China

“…The Shanxi Rift in North China contains faults with a variety of trends which formed in the Late Miocene to present day (Su et al 2023) (Fig. 1).…”

“…2) with the main drainage divide between these represented by the Shilingguan RIZ. The Xinding and Linfen basins contain up to 3000-4000 m thickness of sedimentary fill, while the Taiyuan Basin contains ~6000 m of sedimentary rocks (Chen et al, 1987;Su et al, 2023). The rift has produced infrequent but devastating earthquakes in historical time.…”