Quantifying the Structure and Properties of Nanomagnetic Iron Oxide Particles for Enhanced Functionality through Chemical Synthesis

Abstract

This comprehensive study investigates the properties of chemical nanomagnetic iron oxide particles (CNMIOPs) synthesized through a chemical method. The primary objective is to examine how pH levels and washing solvents affect the magnetism properties of these nanoparticles. Three different pH levels (1.2, 7.5, and 12.5) using NaOH and two washing solvents (ethanol and water) are employed. The characterization techniques include FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD, ZSP, and VSM. Furthermore, the study incorporates two specific pH- and solvent-dependent CNMIOPs into PCL electrospun materials to analyze their performance in a targeted application. The results show that pH and the washing process significantly affect the CNMIOPs’ properties. Higher pH levels result in smaller particles with higher crystallinity and reduce crystalline anisotropy. SEM and TEM analysis confirm different morphologies, including cubic, spherical, and elongated shapes. Ethanol-washed CNMIOPs exhibit superior magnetic behavior, with the highest magnetization saturation at pH 12.5 (Ms = 58.3 emu/g). The stability of the CNMIOPs ranges from −14.7 to −23.8 mV, and higher pH levels exhibit promising antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the study explores the effects of pH and washing solvents on CNMIOP-infused nanofiber membranes, with better dispersion observed with ethanol washing. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the properties and behavior of CNMIOPs under varying pH and washing conditions.

Synergistic Antioxidant and Preservative Potential of Tomato Extract–Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Bio-Coating and Food Applications

“…The coexistence of peaks from both cubic and monoclinic systems underscores the magnetic response of these particles, as visually presented in Figure 1b. This observation aligns with previous studies [40,50], wherein magnetic properties were explored under various pH conditions and calcination parameters. The XRD results in this study harmonize well with their findings, highlighting a substantial percentage of the magnetic phase.…”

“…Fragmentations in peaks around 1000-400 cm −1 indicate oxidation-reduction between different phases of iron oxide, justifying the magnetic response of the TEx-MIONPs, as reported in [50]. Surface analysis highlights nanoscale roughness and irregularities in the SEM micrographs, with potential implications for the nanoparticles' interactions in various applications, such as catalysis or drug delivery [40].…”

Heating ability of amine functionalized Fe3O4 as a function of field amplitude and frequency for hyperthermia application

“…4 -NH 2 nanoparticles followed a lognormal distribution, with a peak at a specific diameter size of 18.26 and 19.82 nm respectively. The augmentation in particle dimensions of Fe 3 O 4 after functionalization with amino groups (−NH 2+ ) is evident in the x-ray findings, as well as the (TEM) measurements[10].3.2. Magnetic characterization…”

“…Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) stands out among these MNPs as an optimistic material for magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) due to its exceptional biocompatibility and well-suited magnetization properties [3][4][5][6][7]. Fe 3 O 4 MNPs can be synthesized using various methods, including co-precipitation [8], hydrothermal synthesis [3], sol-gel method [9], and microemulsion method [10]. However, the size and shape of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles can vary depending on the synthesis conditions and lead to the tuning of magnetic properties and subsequently the heating efficiency.…”

“…Functionalizing MNPs with biocompatible polymers or non-polymeric molecules is an efficient approach that reduces the agglomeration of the MNPs, improves their biocompatibility, and prevents oxidation. The chemical properties of nanomagnetic iron oxide prepared under varying pH show smaller particles with higher crystallinity and reduced crystalline anisotropy [10]. Moreover, the incorporation of magnetic particles into inorganic matrices yields novel compounds with noteworthy properties that hold significant potential for various practical applications.…”