Quantifying water savings from willow removal in Australian streams

Doody, Tanya M.; Benyon, Richard G.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.061

Cited by 48 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although the relationship between ANPP wood and WUE P or WUE bfg was poor, it was positive for both genera. This was, however, due to the atypical results for P. euphratica [83][84], P. fremontii, and S. gooddingii [75], located in almost rain-free conditions with access to underground water or S. babylonica growing next to the river [85]. Obviously, data availability did not allow correlation of WUE i with stand and Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/3/15 3:07 PM bioenergy WUE, which confirms the already mentioned inconsistency of leaf-and stand-level experiments.…”

Section: Wue and Related Ecophysiological Variables Literature Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 7. Populus and Salix Grown in a Short-rotation Coppice for Bioenergy: Ecophysiology, Aboveground Productivity, and Stand-level Water Use Efficiency

Bhardwaj¹,

Zenone²,

Chen³

2015

Sustainable Biofuels

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Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/3/15 3:07 PM were also found to be consistently lowest for SRC (4 to 5 GJ −1 ), followed by perennial grasses (6 to 7 GJ −1 ), and highest for annual straw crops (6 to 8 GJ −1 ). Moreover, the production costs of SRC and perennial grasses have the potential to be decreased to approximately 3 to 4 GJ −1 and 5 to 6 GJ −1 , respectively, as a consequence of economies of scale (an increase in the total cultivation area). In contrast, the production costs for annual straw crops have little potential for cost reductions in the future.Finally, SRC have positive impacts on their surroundings from the socioeconomic prospects and environmental quality. Apart from energy independence and security, growing SRC enhance rural economies, biodiversity, site nutrient capture and retention, soil protection, water and air quality, and carbon sequestration [4,15]. Wood chips from SRC show the best performance as biofuel of all of the raw materials tested, including winter rape, sugarcane, sorghum, soy, and oil palm, with respect to total environmental impact and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [16]. SRC are generally assigned as "environmentally friendly" crops since their management is usually less intensive than that needed for food crops [17]. This low input management is characterized by soil preparation and planting only during or prior to the year of establishment, mechanical weed control during the first one to three seasons (depending on the timing of canopy closure), a reduced number of harvests, and typically zero or low amounts of fertilizers and pesticides [18][19]. For example, low rates of nitrate leaching observed under SRC led to recommendations for their use as suitable crops for nitrate-sensitive areas or for groundwater protection zones around water supply boreholes [17]. In addition, since the fast growths of poplars and willows are linked with high water usage and high nutrient uptake, both enhanced by potentially deep root systems, SRC have been found to be the most suitable vegetation to grow in landfills and other waste disposal areas [20][21] or for the applications of wastewater, sewage sludge, or landfill leachate [22][23]. To conclude, the early successional genera of Populus and Salix are characterized by high productivity, vigorous juvenile growth, easy propagation, good coppice potential, and adaptation to a wide range of environmental conditions, making them ideal candidates for bioenergy production using SRC cultures. Water Use of SRCA recent process-based modeling analysis estimated future (2050) global bioenergy production potential comprising all biomass sources at 130 to 270 EJ yr −1 , equivalent to 15% to 25% of the World's future energy demand [24]. Dedicated Brought to you by | New York University Bobst Library Technical Services Authenticated Download Date | 6/3/15 3:07 PM 7 Populus and Salix Grown in a Short-rotation Coppice for Bioenergy 157 bioenergy crops (non-food plant biomass or lign...

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Section: Wue and Related Ecophysiological Variables Literature Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 7. Populus and Salix Grown in a Short-rotation Coppice for Bioenergy: Ecophysiology, Aboveground Productivity, and Stand-level Water Use Efficiency

Bhardwaj¹,

Zenone²,

Chen³

2015

Sustainable Biofuels

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“…() predicted an 11% decline in surface water availability in the Murray‐Darling Basin by 2030 (CSIRO, ). Recent drought in Australia, coupled with predicted reductions in water availability, has motivated investigations into water‐saving projects within riparian areas of the Murray‐Darling Basin (Doody and Benyon, ), the methods of which may be applicable globally. One option for reducing ET and therefore increasing water availability is to remove invasive weeds that have become widespread in many riparian areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several localized studies in Australia and the USA used in situ field measurements to quantify the potential for changes in ET resulting from removal of invasive species from riparian areas. In Australia, recent research indicates a potential to achieve water savings by removing Salix babylonica stands from stream beds in semi‐arid environments (Doody and Benyon, ). In contrast, research in the USA indicates that removal of Tamarix spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of pan coefficients for estimating evapotranspiration from riparian woody vegetation

Doody

Benyon

Theiveyanathan

et al. 2013

Hydrological Processes

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The long‐term ‘Millennium Drought’ has put significant pressure on water resources across Australia. In southeastern Australia and in particular the Murray‐Darling Basin, removal of exotic, high‐water‐use Salix trees may provide a means to return water to the environment. This paper describes a simple model to estimate evapotranspiration of two introduced Salix species under non‐water‐limited conditions across seven biogeoclimatic zones in Australia. In this study, Salix evapotranspiration was calculated using the Penman–Monteith model. Field measurements of leaf area index and stomatal conductance for Salix babylonica and Salix fragilis were used to parameterize the models. Each model was validated using extensive field estimates of evapotranspiration from a semi‐arid (S. babylonica, r2 = 0.88) and cool temperate (S. fragilis, r2 = 0.99) region. Modelled mean annual evapotranspiration showed strong agreement with field measurements, being within 32 and 2 mm year−1 for S. babylonica and S. fragilis, respectively. Monthly pan coefficients (the ratio of mean evapotranspiration to mean pan evaporation) were developed from 30 years of meteorological data, for 30 key reference sites across Australia for both species using the validated Penman–Monteith models. Open‐water evaporation was estimated from field measurements and was used to develop a simple linear regression model for open‐water evaporation across the 30 reference sites. Differences between modelled evapotranspiration and open‐water evaporation at each site provide an indication of the amount of water that might be returned to the environment from removal of in‐stream Salix species. The monthly pan coefficient method reported has application across riparian environments worldwide where measured evapotranspiration is available for model validation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Resulting projected reductions in river flows would increase to 41.5, 95.5, 25.1, and 22.3%. Doody and Benyon (2011) showed that invasive willows (Willow spp.) growing within (i.e., with permanent access to water) Australian streams had peak T r rates of 15.2 mm d -1 , and that these willows had evapotranspiration (E T ) rates greater than open water even when the trees were subjected to drought, heat stresss, and insect infestations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of canopy interception and transpiration of openly-grown eastern redcedar in central Okalhoma

Starks¹,

Venuto²,

Dugas³

et al. 2014

ENRR

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Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is rapidly encroaching and degrading native prairie and rangeland landscapes in the Great Plains of the U.S. Little is known concerning the impacts of increasing redcedar density and areal coverage on local and regional water budgets through transpiration (T r ) and canopy interception (C I ) of precipitation. Limited T r and C I studies have been conducted in dense stands of redcedar but results from these studies may not be applicable to redcedar growing in open environments. Four redcedar trees (two large, two small) were located in central Oklahoma to measure T r . Two limbs (one on the north face and one on the south face) on each of the large trees were instrumented with sapflux sensors to measure T r from August 2010 through mid-July 2012. Limb level T r was scaled to tree level T r using ratios of both leaf and bole areas. Whole tree T r was measured on two small redcedar trees from mid-May 2011 through mid-July 2012. Transpiration of the small redcedars was found to respond quickly to precipitation events, while the large redcedars did not. Redcedar T r was compared to that of native grasses. The large redcedars exhibited higher T r rates than native grasses while the small redcedars transpired at rates closely matching native grasses. Four different redcedars were instrumented to measure C I from October 2009 through mid-July of 2012. Redcedar canopies were found to intercept 100% of precipitation for events ≤ 2.4 mm. Redcedar canopies reduce annual precipitation received at the surface by about 33%, and as much as 39% in the western portion of the state. Significant canopy interception of precipitation, coupled with T r rates as large as or larger than native grasses and with year-round T r , suggests increases in redcedar density and areal coverage could affect local water resources (e.g. reducing infiltration, runoff, and ground water recharge rates).

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Quantifying water savings from willow removal in Australian streams

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Chapter 7. Populus and Salix Grown in a Short-rotation Coppice for Bioenergy: Ecophysiology, Aboveground Productivity, and Stand-level Water Use Efficiency

Chapter 7. Populus and Salix Grown in a Short-rotation Coppice for Bioenergy: Ecophysiology, Aboveground Productivity, and Stand-level Water Use Efficiency

Development of pan coefficients for estimating evapotranspiration from riparian woody vegetation

Measurements of canopy interception and transpiration of openly-grown eastern redcedar in central Okalhoma

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