Quantile regression analysis of the association between parental rearing and interpersonal sensitivity in Chinese adolescents

Abstract

Background Parental rearing is well documented as an important influencing factor of interpersonal sensitivity (IS). However, little research has focused on the extent by which various aspects of parental rearing in fluence IS. This study aimed to analyze the effects of parental rearing on IS, using quantile regression. We analyzed the extent of the influence of parental rearing on IS by quantile regression to provide definitive evidence on the family education of adolescents with IS problems. Methods The multiple cross-sectional studies were conducted among 3345 adolescents from Harbin, China, in 1999, 2006, 2009 and 2016. Furthermore, a multistage sampling method (stratified random cluster) was used to select participants. IS was assessed using a subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revision. Perceived parental rearing was assessed using the Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostran. The ordinary least squares (OLS) linear regression was used to determine the average effect of parental rearing on IS. The quantile regression was conducted to examine the established associations and to further explain the association. Results Paternal emotional warmth was found to be associated with IS across the quantile, especially after the 0.6 quantiles; however, this association was not found for maternal emotional warmth. Paternal punishment was associated with IS at the 0.22–0.27 and 0.60 quantile; however, maternal punishment had no significant effect on IS. QR method found that paternal overinvolvement was associated with IS at the 0.48–0.65 quantiles, but paternal overprotection was associated with IS across the quantile; however, maternal overinvolvement and overprotection was positively correlated with IS at the 0.07–0.95 quantiles. The correlation between paternal rejection and IS was found at the 0.40–0.75 and > 0.90 quantiles; maternal rejection was associated with IS within the 0.05–0.92 quantiles. Conclusions Parental rearing practices predict different magnitudes of IS at varying levels. This study provides suggestions for parents to assess purposefully and systematically, intervene, and ameliorate adolescent IS problems. We also highlight the role of paternal rearing in children’s IS problems, providing new ideas for family education.

Relational Mobility and Problematic Internet Use: A Person–Environment Interactionist Perspective

“…The participants rated each item on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 = never to 5 = always , with higher scores indicating higher interpersonal sensitivity. This scale demonstrated good reliability and validity in previous studies (e.g., Bech et al, 2014; Wedgeworth et al, 2017; You et al, 2019; Y. Zhang et al, 2022).…”

Interpersonal sensitivity mediates the effects of perceived parenting styles on state anxiety and negative assessment of life events in adult volunteers from the community

“…IPS is one of the main psychological problems that affects these subjects from their adolescence. In a recent study on adolescents, 37 both maternal and paternal overprotection were found to be associated with IPS. In the same study, paternal emotional warmth was negatively correlated with IPS, but the correlation was not found for maternal emotional warmth in ordinary least squares linear regression 37 .…”

“…In a recent study on adolescents, 37 both maternal and paternal overprotection were found to be associated with IPS. In the same study, paternal emotional warmth was negatively correlated with IPS, but the correlation was not found for maternal emotional warmth in ordinary least squares linear regression 37 . The contributions of the mother and the father to the effect of overprotection on IPS were similar between this study and the study by Zhang et al 37 In addition, the fact that the father's influence was stronger than that of the mother regarding the effect of care on IPS in this study was consistent with the sex difference in the association between emotional warmth and IPS in the study of Zhang et al 37 …”

“…In the same study, paternal emotional warmth was negatively correlated with IPS, but the correlation was not found for maternal emotional warmth in ordinary least squares linear regression. 37 The contributions of the mother and the father to the effect of overprotection on IPS were similar between this study and the study by Zhang et al 37 In addition, the fact that the father's influence was stronger than that of the mother regarding the effect of care on IPS in this study was consistent with the sex difference in the association between emotional warmth and IPS in the study of Zhang et al 37 Several studies demonstrating that the correlation between parenting styles and particular personality traits correlated with IPS 47-49 also possibly indirectly support the results of our present study. For example, Furukawa reported that maternal overprotection and neuroticism were positively correlated in both male and female 17-to 19-year-old university students.…”

The effect of perfectionism on relative deprivation among nursing students: The role of interpersonal sensitivity and resilience

“…Therefore, schools can establish courses on psychological capital and use various educational resources to actively develop students' psychological capital. Other studies have shown that parental rearing plays a unique role in interpersonal sensitivity (Zhang et al, 2022). Therefore, teachers can organize training on family education to help parents realize the importance of parental rearing and learn how to educate their children and reduce or eliminate poor parenting behaviors that affect mental health.…”