Quantitation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Levels in Human Breast Tumors and Metastatic Lymph Nodes

Wright, Paul S.; Loudy, David E.; Cross-Doersen, Doreen; Montgomery, Lauren R.; Sprinkle-Cavallo, Jean; Miller, Jerry A.; Distler, Carole M.; Lower, Elyse E.; Woessner, Richard

doi:10.1006/exmp.1997.2208

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Hypoxia was identified as the most potent stimulus of VEGF mRNA expression in several breast cancer cell lines (Scott et al, 1998a) and in normal mammary stromal cells (Hlatky et al, 1994) in agreement with the VEGF-mediated neovascularization of hypoxic areas near necrotic regions in human breast tumours (Wright et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…Despite possible difficulties in comparing relative VEGF mRNA expression levels between malignant and benign tissues our findings in each type of tissue with respect to age and hormone dependency appear nevertheless to be valid because GAPDH gene expression is unlikely influenced by the hormonal milieu. GAPDH mRNA has been shown to be broadly expressed across breast tissue sections (Wright et al, 1997) and not to be regulated by hormonal steroids in breast cells (Le-Bihan et al, 1998) and human tumour xenografts (Wright et al, 1995). The validity of the quantitative measurements was carefully monitored in our study by controlling for amplification efficiencies of different RT-PCR products in all samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels decrease after menopause in normal breast tissue but not in breast cancer lesions

Greb¹,

Maier²,

Wallwiener³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

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SummaryWe hypothesized that the regulation of microvascular functions and angiogenesis in breast tissue, a well known target of ovarian steroid action, is dependent on the hormonal exposure of the breast. Relative expression levels of VEGF-A (vascular endothelial growth factor A), a putative key regulator of angiogenesis in breast cancer, were analysed in the tumour and the adjacent non-neoplastic breast tissue of 19 breast cancer patients by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. In non-neoplastic breast specimens the expression levels of all detected VEGF-A-isoforms (189, 165, 121) were significantly higher in premenopausal compared to post-menopausal women (P = 0.02) and were inversely correlated with the patient's age (P = 0.006). In contrast, in cancerous tissues menopausal status had no influence on VEGF-A-expression levels. Benign and malignant tissues exhibited a similar expression pattern of VEGF-A-isoforms relative to each other. Thus, the regulation of the vasculature in normal breast tissue, as opposed to breast cancer tissue, appears to be hormonally dependent. Endogenous and therapeutically used hormonal steroids might, therefore, cause clinically relevant changes of the angiogenic phenotype of the human breast.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels decrease after menopause in normal breast tissue but not in breast cancer lesions

Greb¹,

Maier²,

Wallwiener³

et al. 1999

Br J Cancer

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“…Eine wesentliche Frage bleibt: Üben beide Faktoren, VEGF und oxidative Metabolite, oder nur einer von beiden eine Regulationsfunktion aus? Oxidativer Stress reguliert die VEGF-Expression [10,53,64]. Dies gilt auch für Glykosylierungsprodukte, die bei Diabetes mellitus vermehrt gebildet werden [26].…”

Section: Diabetische Retinopathieunclassified

Was ist oxidativer Stress?

Augustin

2010

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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Oxidative stress is defined as an overflow of oxidative metabolites either in the human body or in a compartment of the body. Today this chemical definition has been slightly modified and encompasses an elevation of oxidative metabolites or a relative deficiency of anti-oxidants. Molecular oxygen is the basis of many highly reactive oxidative species which are able to directly damage or lead to the generation of secondary reactions which then initiate oxidative processes. The cell has established numerous mechanisms and strategies to antagonise those oxidative processes at different steps. Many diseases have been shown to be either related to or even be initiated by oxidative processes. The eye is at high risk to be damaged by oxidative mechanisms. One major reason is its permanent exposition to oxidative stimuli. The biochemical composition of ocular structures, especially that of the retina (unsaturated fatty acids), is an important factor making the eye more susceptible as compared to other organs. Ocular ischaemia, ischaemia or hypoxia of the retina, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma are important disease entities that are initiated or propagated by oxidative processes. Ischaemic processes lead to classical reactions of the oxidative pathway. This is no longer believed to be the case in diabetic retinopathy. Here, advanced glycation end products (AGE's) and related species are able to induce oxidative reactions and the expression of growth factors. In age-related macular degeneration, photodynamic processes that already occur in childhood are believed to be a major factor contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease process. In addition, the expression of growth factors and new vessel growth can be initiated via inflammatory reactions or oxidative metabolites.

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“…Dieser Zusammenhang wurde in verschiedenen tierexperimentellen Arbeiten näher untersucht [2,4,29,30]. Oxidativer Stress ist auch über Glykosylierungsprodukte in der Lage, die VEGF-Expression zu regulieren [7,13,25,32]. Die oxidativ induzierte vermehrte VEGF-Expression konnte sogar durch Antioxidantien verhindert werden [17].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Von verschiedenen Arbeitsgruppen konnte gezeigt werden, dass oxidativer Stress die VEGF-Expression reguliert [7,25,32]. Dies gilt auch für Glykosylierungsprodukte wie sie bei Diabetes mellitus vermehrt vorkommen [13].…”

unclassified

Einfluss des retinalen Koagulationsstatus auf oxidative Metabolite und VEGF bei 208 Patienten mit proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie12

Augustin

Keller²,

Koch³

et al. 2001

Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd

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Quantitation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor mRNA Levels in Human Breast Tumors and Metastatic Lymph Nodes

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels decrease after menopause in normal breast tissue but not in breast cancer lesions

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) mRNA expression levels decrease after menopause in normal breast tissue but not in breast cancer lesions

Was ist oxidativer Stress?

Einfluss des retinalen Koagulationsstatus auf oxidative Metabolite und VEGF bei 208 Patienten mit proliferativer diabetischer Retinopathie12

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