Quantitative absorption spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas

Weerakkody, Emily N.; Glumac, Nick

doi:10.1088/1361-6463/abd210

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Te fash lamp has a duration of 7 μs full width at half maximum (FWHM) in this region. Te system has a resolution of 0.0029 nm/pixel [42]. Te spectral range targeted was between 381 and 387 nm due to an abundance of ground state U I and U II transitions [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Dust Cloud Combustion: Burning Characteristics and Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements

Weerakkody

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Clemenson

et al. 2022

Journal of Combustion

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This study characterized uranium metal dust cloud combustion using absorption spectroscopy, imaging, and broadband emission measurements. Other metals were similarly combusted to establish correlations between results from this study and those found in the literature. It was determined that the burn temperature of uranium was limited to the volatilization temperature of uranium dioxide. Combustion behavior was similar to that of other refractory metals in terms of burn time and the observation of exploding particle behavior.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uranium Dust Cloud Combustion: Burning Characteristics and Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements

Weerakkody

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Clemenson

et al. 2022

Journal of Combustion

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“…Several recent works have focused on the use of either one or a combination of these LA-based optical spectroscopy techniques (e.g., LAS, LIF, and LIBS) and have further documented the advantages and disadvantages of their use. [14][15][16][17][18] Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a popular technique due to its lack of sample preparation, experimental simplicity, and ease of analysis leading it to be widely implemented across industry and research fields to address material characterization needs. [19][20][21][22] In light of its versatility, LIBS has found application in a wide range of global industries, including the metallurgical industry 23,24 (e.g., aluminum, 25,26 steel, 27,28 and other alloys [29][30][31] ), pharmaceutical industry, 32,33 wastes management industry, 34,35 mining industry, 36 and food industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Kwapis,

Borrero,

Latty

et al. 2023

Appl Spectrosc

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The development of measurement methodologies to detect and monitor nuclear-relevant materials remains a consistent and significant interest across the nuclear energy, nonproliferation, safeguards, and forensics communities. Optical spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas is becoming an increasingly popular diagnostic technique to measure radiological and nuclear materials in the field without sample preparation, where current capabilities encompass the standoff, isotopically resolved and phase-identifiable (e.g., UO and UO[Formula: see text]) detection of elements across the periodic table. These methods rely on the process of laser ablation (LA), where a high-powered pulsed laser is used to excite a sample (solid, liquid, or gas) into a luminous microplasma that rapidly undergoes de-excitation through the emission of electromagnetic radiation, which serves as a spectroscopic fingerprint for that sample. This review focuses on LA plasmas and spectroscopy for nuclear applications, covering topics from the wide-area environmental sampling and atmospheric sensing of radionuclides to recent implementations of multivariate machine learning methods that work to enable the real-time analysis of spectrochemical measurements with an emphasis on fundamental research and development activities over the past two decades. Background on the physical breakdown mechanisms and interactions of matter with nanosecond and ultrafast laser pulses that lead to the generation of laser-produced microplasmas is provided, followed by a description of the transient spatiotemporal plasma conditions that control the behavior of spectroscopic signatures recorded by analytical methods in atomic and molecular spectroscopy. High-temperature chemical and thermodynamic processes governing reactive LA plasmas are also examined alongside investigations into the condensation pathways of the plasma, which are believed to serve as chemical surrogates for fallout particles formed in nuclear fireballs. Laser-supported absorption waves and laser-induced shockwaves that accompany LA plasmas are also discussed, which could provide insights into atmospheric ionization phenomena from strong shocks following nuclear detonations. Furthermore, the standoff detection of trace radioactive aerosols and fission gases is reviewed in the context of monitoring atmospheric radiation plumes and off-gas streams of molten salt reactors. Finally, concluding remarks will present future outlooks on the role of LA plasma spectroscopy in the nuclear community.

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“…Active sensing methods such as laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy, which utilize the ground or lower level population, are useful for measuring properties of an LPP at later times of its evolution where the electronic excitation is not favored. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Although absorption spectroscopy is a wellestablished technique for gas sensing, its use for LPP characterization is limited and it is partly due to its active nature that necessitates the use of a light source such as laser, 22 arc lamp, 16 or frequency combs 17 for probing the absorption by the LPP species. The properties of the probe light source also dictate the experimental methodology as well as information gathered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23][24][25] Instead, the AS employing arc lamps provides broadband capability, but the spectral resolution available in this method is limited to the resolution of the detection system (e.g., spectrograph) which is similar to emission spectroscopy. 16 AS employing frequency combs, which is a relatively new technique, provides both spectral resolution and broadband capability. 17,26 The major aim of this work is to evaluate and compare the spatio-temporal evolution of both excited and ground state populations in an LPP by combining OES and LAS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal evolution of emission and absorption signatures in a laser-produced plasma

Harilal,

Kautz,

Phillips

2022

Preprint

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We report spatio-temporal evolution of emission and absorption signatures of Al species in a nanosecond (ns) laserproduced plasma (LPP). The plasmas were generated from an Inconel target,which contained ∼ 0.4 wt. % Al, using 1064 nm, ≈ 6 ns full width half maximum pulses from an Nd:YAG laser at an Ar cover gas pressure of ≈ 34 Torr. The temporal distributions of the Al I (394.4 nm) transition were collected from various spatial points within the plasma employing time-of-flight (TOF) emission and laser absorption spectroscopy and they provide kinetics of the excited state and ground state population of the selected transition. The emission and absorption signatures showed multiple peaks in their temporal profiles, although they appeared at different spatial locations and times after the plasma onset. The absorption temporal profiles showed an early time signature representing shock wave propagation into the ambient gas. We also used emission and absorption spectral features for measuring various physical properties of the plasma. The absorption spectral profiles are utilized for measuring linewidths, column density and kinetic temperature while emission spectra were used to measure excitation temperature. A comparison between excitation and kinetic temperature were made at various spatial points in the plasma. Our results highlight that the TOF measurements provide a resourceful tool for showing the spatio-temporal LPP dynamics with higher spatial and temporal resolution than is possible with spectral measurements, but are difficult to interpret without additional information on excitation temperatures and linewidths. The combination of absorption and emission TOF and spectral measurements thus provides a more complete picture of LPP spatio-temporal dynamics than is possible using any one technique alone.

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Quantitative absorption spectroscopy of laser-produced plasmas

Cited by 17 publications

References 81 publications

Uranium Dust Cloud Combustion: Burning Characteristics and Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements

Uranium Dust Cloud Combustion: Burning Characteristics and Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements

Laser Ablation Plasmas and Spectroscopy for Nuclear Applications

Spatiotemporal evolution of emission and absorption signatures in a laser-produced plasma

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