Quantitative analyses of leukemia inhibitory factor in the cerebrospinal fluid in mouse embryos

Abstract

Leukemia inhibitory factor contributes to the self-renewal of neural stem cells in the forebrain. Although the existence of endogenous leukemia inhibitory factor in the brain parenchyma has been controversial, the cerebrospinal fluid is known to be another source of leukemia inhibitory factor. No reports of the measurement of leukemia inhibitory factor concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid, however, exist. In the present study, we determined the leukemia inhibitory factor concentration in cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, and sera of embryos and dams in mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The leukemia inhibitory factor concentrations were found to be constitutively high in the cerebrospinal fluid from embryonic day 11 to embryonic day 17, with a peak on embryonic day 13 and embryonic day 14. These findings correspond to the timing of cortical neuron production in mouse cerebrum.

Progressive Differentiation and Instructive Capacities of Amniotic Fluid and Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomes following Neural Tube Closure

“…6A, B). In agreement with a previous report showing LIF availability in the CSF at E11 (Hatta et al, 2006), we detected LIF-reactive bands in E10.5 CSF treated with the deglycosylating enzyme PNGase F (Fig. 6C).…”

Development and functions of the choroid plexus–cerebrospinal fluid system

“…Some of the proliferative effects of embryonic CSF can be attributed to ChP-secreted IGF2 and signalling through the IGF1 receptor at the ventricular surface 103, 106, 111, 112 . However, as mentioned above, the CSF is home to many signaling molecules with important roles in development (for example, fibroblast growth factors 113 , SHH 102,114 , retinoic acid 115, 116 , leukaemia inhibitory factor 117, 118 , semaphorin3B 119 and others 2 ). Thus, the construction of the mammalian brain depends upon the appropriate interactions of multiple signalling activities delivered to neural stem cells via the CSF.…”

The cerebrospinal fluid: regulator of neurogenesis, behavior, and beyond

“…CSF alone can promote the development and growth of neural stem cells and cortical explants [66]. Although the factors responsible for the favorable effects of embryonic CSF are only beginning to be uncovered, the range of factors already known to be active in CSF during embryonic brain development includes fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) [67], insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) [66,68], sonic hedgehog (Shh) [69], retinoic acid (RA) [66,70], bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) [66], Wnts [66], and others [71,72] shown in Table 1.…”