“…Then, Equation can be rewritten as follows: Here, ; ∆ s = s RS − s SS . Obviously, Equation complies with the spectral shape deformation quantitative theory―SSD (for detailed information on the SSD theory, readers please refer to Supporting Information or Chen et al and Jin et al and Hu et al and Du et al). Therefore, the multiplicative parameter vector p ( ) for the N calibration samples can be estimated out by the modified optical path length estimation and correction method .…”