Quantitative analysis of backscattered‐electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy

Čalkovský, Martin; Müller, Erich; Gerthsen, D.

doi:10.1111/jmi.13148

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…This atomic number contrast provides tremendous value in detecting elements in samples containing a variety of chemical compositions. Elements with higher atomic numbers appear brighter in BSE images, while a darker appearance represents an element with a lower atomic number [56][57][58][59]. This feature is especially helpful for mineralogists and geologists because it allows the identification of various mineral phases present in a rock sample.…”

Section: Imaging Process In the Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Ali,

Zhang,

Santos

2023

Applied Sciences

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful tool in the domains of materials science, mining, and geology owing to its enormous potential to provide unique insight into micro and nanoscale worlds. This comprehensive review discusses the background development of SEM, basic SEM operation, including specimen preparation and image processing, and the fundamental theoretical calculations underlying SEM operation. It provides a foundational understanding for engineers and scientists who have never had a chance to dig in depth into SEM, contributing to their understanding of the workings and development of this robust analytical technique. The present review covers how SEM serves as a crucial tool in mineral characterization, with specific discussion on the workings and research fronts of SEM-EDX, SEM-AM, SEM-MLA, and QEMSCAN. With automation gaining pace in the development of all spheres of technology, understanding the uncertainties in SEM measurements is very important. The constraints in mineral phase identification by EDS spectra and sample preparation are conferred. In the end, future research directions for SEM are analyzed with the possible incorporation of machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence tools to automate the process of mineral identification, quantification, and efficient communication with researchers so that the robustness and objectivity of the analytical process can be improved and the analysis time and involved costs can be reduced. This review also discusses the idea of integrating robotics with SEM to make the equipment portable so that further mineral characterization insight can be gained not only on Earth but also on other terrestrial grounds.

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Section: Imaging Process In the Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Ali,

Zhang,

Santos

2023

Applied Sciences

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High-Strength Dissimilar Welds Between a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy and Titanium Obtained by Intermixing Niobium Using Pulsed Laser Beam Welding

Wiegand,

Sommer,

Marks

et al. 2023

Metall Mater Trans A

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Joining of NiTi shape memory alloys with commercially pure titanium (Ti) is of great interest for manifold industrial applications. However, dissimilar fusion welding of these materials is associated with the formation of extremely brittle intermetallic compounds, e.g., Ti2Ni and TiNi3, which drastically limit the mechanical properties of NiTi/Ti joints. The present investigation seeks to improve both chemical compatibility and mechanical performance through intermixing of a niobium foil as filler material into a NiTi/Nb/Ti butt-joint configuration by means of pulsed laser beam welding. Different pulse durations are applied to tailor intermixing and evaluate the deviating chemical compositions of the weld metal. It is demonstrated that intermixing of niobium significantly increases the weldability of the material combination NiTi/Ti compared to autogenous welding. However, the proportion of intermixed filler material exerts a substantial impact on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties. Ultimate tensile strengths of up to 679 MPa with fracture occurring in the titanium base metal at an elongation at break of 18.7 pct is obtained by a reduction of the pulse duration, which represents a major improvement over previous studies focusing on fusion welding of NiTi to titanium and its alloys.

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On the forensic relevance of tattoos: distinguishing black inks with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy

Pulcinelli,

da Silva,

Moreira

et al. 2024

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Quantitative analysis of backscattered‐electron contrast in scanning electron microscopy

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

Mineral Characterization Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review of the Fundamentals, Advancements, and Research Directions

High-Strength Dissimilar Welds Between a NiTi Shape Memory Alloy and Titanium Obtained by Intermixing Niobium Using Pulsed Laser Beam Welding

On the forensic relevance of tattoos: distinguishing black inks with energy dispersive spectroscopy and backscattered scanning electron microscopy

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