Quantitative analysis of brain edema in patients with malignant glioma treated with BCNU wafers

Wang

J of Cellular Biochemistry

et al. 2019

Brain edema is a major traumatic brain injury (TBI)‐related neurological complication. In the initiation stage of TBI, brain edema is characterized by astrocyte swelling (cytotoxic edema). We studied the impact of a long noncoding RNA, Malat1, on the TBI‐induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. Our results showed that Malat1 was downregulated in both the TBI rat model and the astrocyte fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, which concurred with brain edema and astrocyte swelling. Overexpression of Malat1 significantly inhibited rat brain edema, meanwhile reducing interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression after TBI. In addition, overexpression of Malat1 ameliorated FPI‐induced astrocyte swelling and reduced IL‐6 release. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis also corroborated the inhibitory effects of Malat1 on NF‐κB and AQP4 expression after FPI. Our results highlighted the protective effects of Malat1 on the TBI‐induced brain edema, which were mediated through regulating IL‐6, NF‐κB, and AQP4 expression. Our study could provide a novel approach for TBI treatment.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of long noncoding RNA Malat1 ameliorates traumatic brain injury induced brain edema by inhibiting AQP4 and the NF‐κB/IL‐6 pathway

Wang

J of Cellular Biochemistry

et al. 2019

“…Glioma developed from multipotent cancer stem cells has the tendency of over-proliferation and possesses the capacity to proliferate into heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells under specific stimuli (Xie et al., 2014 ). Currently, the common approaches for treating glioma patients are surgical resection (Pessina et al., 2016 ), localization irradiation (Navarria et al., 2016 ), and targeted chemotherapy (Murai et al., 2016 ). However, the successful treatments are still remarkably limited by the conventional chemotherapy resistance and the frequency of drug use (Guo et al., 2011 ; Floyd et al., 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a novel morphological paclitaxel-loaded PLGA microspheres for effective cancer therapy: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Wang

et al. 2018

Drug Delivery

Sustained release of therapeutic agents into tumor cells is a potential approach to improve therapeutic efficacy, decrease side effects, and the drug administration frequency. Herein, we used the modified double-emulsion solvent evaporation (DSE) method to prepare a novel morphological paclitaxel (PTX) loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (MS). The prepared rough PTX-PLGA-MS possessed microporous surface and highly porous internal structures, which significantly influenced the drug entrapment and release behaviors. The rough MS with an average particle size of 53.47 ± 2.87 μm achieved high drug loading (15.63%) and encapsulation efficiency (92.82%), and provided a favorable sustained drug release. The in vitro antitumor tests of flow cytometry and fluoroimmunoassay revealed that the rough PTX-PLGA-MS displayed effective anti-gliomas activity and enhanced the cellular PTX uptake through adsorptive endocytosis. Both in vitro and in vivo antitumor results demonstrated that the sustained-release PTX could induce the microtubules assembly and the over-expression of Bax and Cyclin B1 proteins, resulting in the microtubule dynamics disruption, G2/M phase arrest, and cell apoptosis accordingly. Furthermore, as the rough PTX-PLGA-MS could disperse and adhere throughout the tumor sites and cause extensive tumor cell apoptosis with one therapeutic course (12 days), they could reduce the system toxicity and drug administration frequency, thus achieving significant tumor inhibitory effects with rapid sustained drug release. In conclusion, our results verified that the rough PTX-PLGA-MS drug release system could serve as a promising treatment to malignant glioma.

Neurol. Med. Chir.(Tokyo)

“…Moreover, 3%-17% of patients with BCNU wafer implantation have marked symptoms such as new neurological deficits, altered mental status, and newly diagnosed seizures or require readmission. 3 , 5 - 7 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 2 ) The BCNU wafer is inserted into the tumor bed after MG resection and is considered a local chemotherapeutic regimen effective against tumor cells invading the normal brain tissues around the resection cavity. 3 ) Some studies have found that the implantation of BCNU wafers confers a survival benefit compared with placebo wafers. 3 , 4 ) However, studies have reported some adverse events, such as brain edema, seizures, abnormal healing, infection, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and thrombosis related to the implantation of BCNU wafers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Edema Due to Chemotherapeutic Wafer Implantation for Malignant Glioma: Registry Study of Correlation with Perioperative Epileptic Seizures

Fujii

Ogiwara

Kato

et al. 2022

Factors predicting adverse events following implantation with wafers containing 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (carmustine, BCNU), which is used in local chemotherapy for malignant gliomas (MGs), are unknown. The association between cerebral edema (CE), which often occurs after implantation, and perioperative seizures, which are often observed in MG cases, is under debate. This study investigated risk factors for CE associated with BCNU wafer implantation and their relationship with perioperative seizures. A total of 31 surgical cases involving 28 adult patients who underwent BCNU wafer implantation for MGs were investigated and classified into those with and without postoperative transient CE. We assessed the correlations between CE caused by BCNU implantation and various factors, including postoperative epileptic seizures. World Health Organization (WHO) grade III MGs significantly affected postoperative CE ( p = 0.003) and the occurrence of seizures ( p = 0.0004). Factors predictive of postoperative seizures were WHO grade III MGs ( p = 0.0026), increased postoperative CE ( p = 0.0272), and history of preoperative seizures ( p = 0.0316). Postoperative CE, WHO grade III MGs, and a history of preoperative seizures might predict the postoperative occurrence of seizures, necessitating stringent management of seizures and CE in the affected patients.