Quantitative Analysis of Mixed Minerals with Finite Phase Using Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Technology

Qi, Meixiang; Cao, Liqin; Zhao, Yunliang; Jia, Feifei; Song, Shaoxian; He, Xinfang; Yan, Xin; Huang, Liying; Yin, Zize

doi:10.3390/ma16072743

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Figure 12 shows the bending strength as a function of peak welding temperature. It was found that the equation of y = −0.019 x 2 + 5.081x − 200.75 with the correlation coefficient [41] of 0.8857 seems to be an optimum trend equation for predicting the bending strength of the welded part (y) using peak welding temperature (x). Figure 13 shows the comparison of the numerical simulation and experimental results of the peak temperature for RFW of PC and ABS rods at five different rotational speeds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Peak Temperature in the Weld Joint during Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Plastic Rods

et al. 2023

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Rotary friction welding (RFW) could result in lower welding temperature, energy consumption, or environmental effects as compared with fusion welding processes. RFW is a green manufacturing technology with little environmental pollution in the field of joining methods. Thus, RFW is widely employed to manufacture green products. In general, the welding quality of welded parts, such as tensile strength, bending strength, and surface hardness is affected by the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW of dissimilar plastic rods. However, hitherto little is known about the domain knowledge of RFW of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC) polymer rods. To prevent random efforts and energy consumption, a green method to predict the peak temperature in the weld joint of dissimilar RFW of ABS and PC rods was proposed. The main objective of this work is to investigate the peak temperature in the weld joint during the RFW using COMSOL multiphysics software for establishing an empirical technical database of RFW of dissimilar polymer rods under different rotational speeds. The main findings include that the peak temperature affecting the mechanical properties of RFW of PC and ABS can be determined by the simulation model proposed in this work. The average error of predicting the peak temperature using COMSOL software for five different rotational speeds is about 15 °C. The mesh element count of 875,688 is the optimal number of meshes for predicting peak temperature in the weld joint. The bending strength of the welded part (y) using peak welding temperature (x) can be predicted by the equation of y = −0.019 x2 + 5.081x − 200.75 with a correlation coefficient of 0.8857. The average shore A surface hardness, impact energy, and bending strength of the welded parts were found to be increased with increasing the rotational speed of RFW.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Peak Temperature in the Weld Joint during Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Plastic Rods

et al. 2023

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“…To investigate the effects of the rotational speed of RFW on the fatigue life of welded parts, five different rotational speeds were assessed in this study, i.e., 330, 490, 650, 950, and 1350 rpm. During RFW, the temperature history in the weld joint was recorded using an infrared thermal imager [ 30 ] (BI-TM-F01P, Panrico trading Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan). Significantly, the temperature history in the weld joint was also predicted using COMSOL Multiphysics software.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue Behavior of Rotary Friction Welding of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polycarbonate Dissimilar Materials

Kuo

Gurumurthy

Hunag³

2023

Polymers

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Understanding the fatigue behaviors of weld joints is significant in engineering practice. Rotary friction welding (RFW) can join the additively manufactured polymer components. Until now, no research has focused on the fatigue behavior of polymer components jointed via RFW. This study investigates the fatigue life of ABS/PC dissimilar components fabricated via RFW and proposes the fatigue mechanism based on the failure structure. This work uses five different cyclic loads and rotational speeds to investigate the fatigue life. The fatigue life of the RFW of ABS/PC dissimilar rods is better compared with the pure ABS and pure PC specimens due to weld and integrity microstructural changes resulting from the combination of ABS and PC materials. The number of cycles until the rupture of RFW of ABS/PC dissimilar components (y) can be determined by the cyclic load (x) according to the prediction equation of y = −838.25x2 − 2035.8x + 67,262. The fatigue life of the RFW of ABS/PC dissimilar components increase with the increased rotational speed. The number of cycles until rupture (y) can be determined by the different rotational speeds (x) according to the prediction equation of y = 315.21x2 + 2710.4x + 32,124.

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“…The cycle time of RFW was set to 60 s, which includes a frictional time of 30 s, a welding time of 20 s, and a cooling time of 10 s. The welding parameters include axial load of 17 N, feed rate of 0.1 mm/min, and burn-off length of 2 mm. During RFW, the temperature history in the weld joint was recorded using an infrared thermal imager [29] (BI-TM-F01P, Panrico trading Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan). After RFW, shore A surface hardness tests (MET-HG-A, SEAT Inc., New Taipei City, Taiwan), impact tests (780, Instron Inc., MA, USA), and three-point bending tests (RH-30, Shimadzu Inc., Kyoto, Japan) were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of the welded parts.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Frictionally Welded Components of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Dissimilar Polymer Rods

Kuo,

Gurumurthy,

Huang

2023

Polymers

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Rotary friction welding (RFW) has no electric arc and the energy consumption during welding can be reduced as compared with conventional arc welding since it is a solid-phase welding process. The RFW is a sustainable manufacturing process because it provides low environmental pollution and energy consumption. However, few works focus on the reliability of dissimilar polymer rods fabricated via RFW. The reliability of the frictionally welded components is also related to the ambient temperatures. This work aims to investigate the effects of ambient temperature on the mechanical properties of frictionally welded components of polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) dissimilar polymer rods. It was found that the heat-affected zone width increases with increasing rotational speeds due to peak welding temperature. The Shore A surface hardness of ABS/PC weld joint does not change with the increased rotational speeds. The Shore A surface hardness in the weld joint of RFW of the ABS/PC is about Shore A 70. The bending strength was increased by about 53% when the welded parts were placed at 60–70 °C compared with bending strength at room temperature. The remarkable finding is that the bending fracture position of the weldment occurs on the ABS side. It should be pointed out that the bending strength can be determined by the placed ambient temperature according to the proposed prediction equation. The impact energy was decreased by about 33% when the welded parts were placed at 65–70 °C compared with the impact energy at room temperature. The impact energy (y) can be determined by the placed ambient temperature according to the proposed prediction equation. The peak temperature in the weld interface can be predicted by the rotational speed based on the proposed equation.

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Quantitative Analysis of Mixed Minerals with Finite Phase Using Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral Technology

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Peak Temperature in the Weld Joint during Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Plastic Rods

Experimentation and Numerical Modeling of Peak Temperature in the Weld Joint during Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Plastic Rods

Fatigue Behavior of Rotary Friction Welding of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polycarbonate Dissimilar Materials

Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of Frictionally Welded Components of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene Dissimilar Polymer Rods

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