Quantitative analysis of piroxicam using temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction followed by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry

Abstract

BackgroundPiroxicam (PXM) belongs to the wide class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). PXM has been widely applied in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, gonarthrosis, osteoarthritis, backaches, neuralgia, mialgia. In the presented work, a green and benign sample pretreatment method called temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TCIL-DLPME) was followed with stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry (SFIS) for quantitation of PXM in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.MethodsTemperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction (TCIL-DLPME) was applied as an environmentally friendly sample enrichment method to extract and isolate PXM prior to quantitation. Dispersion of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Hmim][PF6]) ionic liquid (IL) through the sample aqueous solution was performed by applying a relatively high temperature. PXM was extracted into the extractor, and after phase separation, PXM in the final solution was determined by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry (SFIS).Results and Major ConclusionDifferent factors affecting the designed method such as IL amount, diluting agent, pH and temperature were investigated in details and optimized. The method provided a linear dynamic range of 0.2-150 μg l-1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.046 μg l-1 and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.1%. Furthermore, in order to demonstrate the analytical applicability of the recommended method, it was applied for quantitation of PXM in real samples.

The Influence of Ionic Liquids on the Effectiveness of Analytical Methods Used in the Monitoring of Human and Veterinary Pharmaceuticals in Biological and Environmental Samples—Trends and Perspectives

“…An important factor presented in the literature is the combination of ILs with organic solvents. Most often they are the dispenser solvent, but they can also be the solvent in back extraction [15,70,[74][75][76][77][78][79][83][84][85][86]89]. It is known that ILs are highly viscous compounds.…”

Magnetic dispersive solid‐phase extraction based on graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite followed by atomic absorption spectrometry for zinc monitoring in water, flour, celery and egg

“…The main goals of this challenge are to transform the analyte into a suitable form that is pre‐purified, concentrated and compatible with the analytical instruments . Recent attempts to develop new sample preparation methods have been focused on some noteworthy advantages such as miniaturization, automation, high‐throughput operation, online coupling with analytical tools, and economical performance through extremely low or no toxic solvent consumption . The sample preparation techniques, which are usually utilized to pre‐concentrate and monitor heavy metals, are liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE).…”

Trace determination of chlorpheniramine in human plasma using magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on a graphene oxide/Fe3O4@polythionine nanocomposite combined with high-performance liquid chromatography

“…[12][13][14] Lately, the development of new sample preparation methods has been focused on some notable goals such as miniaturization, automation, high extraction yield, on-line coupling with analytical tool, cost-effective performance along with reduction or removal of toxic extraction solvents. [15][16][17] The extraction techniques, which are commonly used to enrich and determine drugs concentration, are liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). But in LLE, large usage of toxic organic solvents is usually required and this traditional extraction method is time-consuming and expensive.…”