Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after‐nystagmus

Cohen, Bernard; Matsuo, Victor; Raphan, Theodore

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1977.sp011955

Cited by 692 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…If this occurs, it is likely that the velocity storage system only influences reflex pathways in this time domain. In the current data, the presence of a fixation point had no influence on the time constant, even though such a visual stimulus greatly shortens the time constant of velocity storage (Cohen et al 1977;Waespe and Schwarz 1986;Gizzi and Harper 2003). This study provides mounting evidence that the mechanisms of vestibular perception and vestibular reflexes are fundamentally different (Barnett-Cowan et al 2005;Merfeld et al 2005a, b;Bertolini et al 2011).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 87%

Human Yaw Rotation Aftereffects with Brief Duration Rotations Are Inconsistent with Velocity Storage

Coniglio

Crane

2014

JARO

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In many sensory systems, perception of stimuli is influenced by previous stimulus exposure such that subsequent stimuli may be perceived as more neutral. This phenomenon is known as an aftereffect and has been studied for vision, audition, and some vestibular stimuli including roll and translation. Previous data on yaw rotation perception has focused on lowfrequency stimuli on the order of a minute which may not be directly applicable to frequencies during ambulation. The aim of the current study is to look at the influence of yaw rotation on subsequent perception near 1 Hz, the predominant frequency of yaw rotation during human ambulation. Humans were rotated with 12°whole body adapting stimulus over 1 or 1.5 s. After an interstimulus interval (ISI) of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 3 s, a test stimulus the same duration as the adapting stimulus was presented, and subjects pushed a button to identify the direction of the test stimulus as right or left. The direction and magnitude of the test stimulus was adjusted based on prior responses to find the stimulus at which no rotation was perceived. Experiments were conducted both in darkness and with a visual fixation point. The presence of a fixation point did not influence the aftereffect which was largest at 0.5 s with an average size of 0.78±0.18°/s (mean±SE). The aftereffect diminished with a time constant of~1 s. Thresholds were elevated after the adapting stimulus and also decreased with a time constant of~1 s. These findings demonstrate that short adapting stimuli can induce significant aftereffects in yaw rotation perception and that these aftereffects are independent from the previously described velocity storage.

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 87%

Human Yaw Rotation Aftereffects with Brief Duration Rotations Are Inconsistent with Velocity Storage

Coniglio

Crane

2014

JARO

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“…Optokinetic responses have direct and indirect components (Cohen et al 1977). The direct component has properties similar to smooth-pursuit (Lisberger et al 1981;Leigh and Zee 1999).…”

Section: For Dorsal Vermis Purkinje Cells) the Floccular Region Consmentioning

confidence: 99%

Further evidence for selective difficulty of upward eye pursuit in juvenile monkeys: effects of optokinetic stimulation, static roll tilt, and active head movements

et al. 2005

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The smooth-pursuit system moves the eyes in space accurately to track slowly moving objects of interest despite visual inputs from the moving background and/or vestibular inputs during head movements. Recently, our laboratory has shown that young primates exhibit asymmetric eye movements during vertical pursuit across a textured background; upward eye velocity gain is reduced. To further understand the nature of this asymmetry, we performed three series of experiments in young monkeys. In Experiment 1, we examined whether this asymmetry was due to an un-compensated downward optokinetic reflex induced by the textured background as it moves across the retina in the opposite direction of the pursuit eye movements. For this, we examined the monkeys’ ability to fixate a stationary spot in space during movement of the textured background and compared it with vertical pursuit across the stationary textured background. We also examined gains of optokinetic eye movements induced by downward motion of the textured background during upward pursuit. In both task conditions, gains of downward eye velocity induced by the textured background were too small to explain reduced upward eye velocity gains. In Experiment 2, we examined whether the frame of reference for low-velocity, upward pursuit was orbital or earth vertical. To test this, we first applied static tilt in the roll plane until the animals were nearly positioned on their side in order to dissociate vertical or horizontal eye movements in the orbit from those in space. Deficits were observed for upward pursuit in the orbit but not in space. In Experiment 3, we tested whether asymmetry was observed during head-free pursuit that requires coordination between eye and head movements. Asymmetry in vertical eye velocity gains was still observed during head-free pursuit although it was not observed in vertical head velocity. These results, taken together, suggest that the asymmetric eye movements during vertical pursuit are specific for upward, primarily eye pursuit in the orbit

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“…In fact, unlike canal afferents, there was no systematic dependence of response phase on frequency in thalamic neurons (ANCOVA, F (5,41) ϭ 2.2; p ϭ 0.08, using six neurons tested at all frequencies between 0.02 and 4 Hz). The absence of low-frequency phase leads, which are characteristic of primary semicircular canal afferents, suggest that rotational signals in the thalamus have been processed by the velocity storage integrator (Cohen et al, 1977;Raphan et al, 1979) (see Discussion). …”

Section: Response Properties During Yaw Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) (Fernandez and Goldberg, 1971;Dickman and Angelaki, 2004). Thus, the rotational dynamics of thalamic neurons reflect the influence of velocity storage, a low-pass filter that improves the low frequency coding of angular velocity in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (Cohen et al, 1977;Raphan et al, 1979), and in rotational motion perception (Mergner et al, 1991;Howard et al, 1998;Okada et al, 1999).…”

Section: Responses During Rotationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vestibular Signals in Primate Thalamus: Properties and Origins

Hui¹,

May²,

Dickman³

et al. 2007

J. Neurosci.

131

162

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Quantitative analysis of the velocity characteristics of optokinetic nystagmus and optokinetic after‐nystagmus

Cited by 692 publications

References 30 publications

Human Yaw Rotation Aftereffects with Brief Duration Rotations Are Inconsistent with Velocity Storage

Human Yaw Rotation Aftereffects with Brief Duration Rotations Are Inconsistent with Velocity Storage

Further evidence for selective difficulty of upward eye pursuit in juvenile monkeys: effects of optokinetic stimulation, static roll tilt, and active head movements

Vestibular Signals in Primate Thalamus: Properties and Origins

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