Quantitative and morphometric changes of subpopulations of myenteric neurons in swines with toxoplasmosis

Odorizzi, Leandro; Moreira, Neide Martins; Gonçalves, Gentil Ferreira; Silva, Aristeu Vieira da; Sant’Ana, Débora de Mello Gonçales; Araújo, Eduardo José de Almeida

doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2010.01.012

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This phenomenon may indicate a relationship between the immune response against the parasite and the production of nitric oxide in the myenteric plexus. This is corroborated by similar studies of the jejunum of these animals (VICENTINO-VIEIRA et al, 2015) and that of pigs (ODORIZZI et al, 2010), in which a genotype III strain was used. However, no studies were found about the effects of toxoplasmosis infection on the NADPH-d + neurons specific to the colon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…The intestinal wall is the first barrier it transposes to infect the host and then to lodge in these sites (DUBEY et al, 1998). Previous studies of our research group focused on the changes caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection in the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is responsible for controlling important functions of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (BONAPAZ et al, 2010;ODORIZZI et al, 2010;PEREIRA et al, 2010;HERMES-ULIANA et al, 2011;ARAÚJO et al, 2015;GÓIS et al, 2016a;TREVIZAN et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Ferezin

Vicentino-Vieira

Góis

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important health problem, especially in immunocompromised hosts. T. gondii uses the gut wall as an infection gateway, with tropism for muscular and nervous tissues causing intestinal alterations, including some in the enteric nervous system. This study aims at investigating the colon of rats infected by T. gondii in order to understand how the amount of oocysts influences in myenteric neuronal changes. Sixty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into six groups. One group remained as a control and the others received inocula of 10, 50, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts of T. gondii. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of infection. The total neuronal population and the nitrergic subpopulation in the colon myenteric plexus of each animal was counted. The data were statistically analyzed showing less weight gain in rats with 10, 500 and 5,000 oocysts. A decrease in the number of total neurons with 50, 100 or 5,000 oocysts and an increase in the nitrergic population with 10, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts were verified. These results show that neuronal alterations are more significant when the infection is induced by larger inocula and reinforces the suspicion that neuronal loss is directed at cholinergic neurons.Keywords: Enteric nervous system, myenteric plexus, ascending colon, toxoplasmosis. ResumoA toxoplasmose, doença causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, é um importante problema de saúde, principalmente em imunocomprometidos. T. gondii utiliza a parede do intestino como porta de entrada no hospedeiro e tem tropismo pelos tecidos muscular e nervoso provocando alterações intestinais, inclusive no sistema nervoso entérico. Este estudo buscou analisar o cólon de ratos infectados por T. gondii para entender como a quantidade de oocistos influencia nas alterações neuronais mientéricas. Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) em seis grupos. Um dos grupos permaneceu como controle e os demais receberam inóculos de 10, 50, 100, 500 ou 5.000 oocistos de T. gondii. Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia após 30 dias de infecção. No plexo mientérico do cólon dos animais foram quantificadas a população neuronal total e a subpopulação nitrérgica. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente demonstrando inferior ganho de peso nos ratos com 10, 500 e 5.000 oocistos. Verificamos diminuição no número de neurônios totais com inóculos de 50, 100 ou 5.000 oocistos e aumento da população nitrérgica com 10, 100, 500 ou 5000 oocistos. Estes resultados mostram que alterações neuronais são mais significativas quando a infecção é induzida por inóculos maiores e reforça a suspeita de perda neuronal direcionada a neurônios colinérgicos.Palavras-chave: Sistema nervoso entérico, plexo mientérico, cólon ascendente, toxoplasmose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Ferezin

Vicentino-Vieira

Góis

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…This may be one of the reasons why the number of enteric neurons in the present study was preserved. Although plastic responses induced by T. gondii in myenteric neurons have already been described (Sugauara et al 2008, Barbosa et al 2009, Soares et al 2009, Odorizzi et al 2010, Pereira et al 2010), our results demonstrate that these cells did not undergo significant changes, suggesting that duodenal myenteric neurons are more resistant to infection or are less accessible to pathogens. Therefore, in order to prove this hypothesis further studies using different strains and techniques and studies upon the cells involved in this process are necessary.…”

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confidence: 34%

“…Such changes indicate the both digestion and absorption may be compromised, even in animals showing no clinical signs of infection. Additionally, the literature relates diarrhea in animals (Weiss and kim 2007, Galli et al 2008, Odorizzi et al 2010, which indicates that the enteric nervous system (ENS) -the main autonomic nervous system subdivision that controls the digestive function -can be altered by the toxoplasmic infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myenteric neuronal plasticity induced by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III) on the duodenum of rats

Papazian-Cabanas

Araújo

Silva

et al. 2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The effects of acute and chronic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on duodenal myenteric neurons were analyzed. Eighteen rats were assigned into four groups: Acute Control Group (ACG, n=4); Acute Experimental Group (AEG, n=4); Chronic Control Group (CCG, n=5); and Chronic Experimental Group (CEG, n=5). Rats from the AEG and CEG were inoculated orally with 105 genotype III (BTU-II strain) tachyzoites of T. gondii isolated from a dog with neurological signs. Acute groups were killed after 24 hours after the inoculation and the chronic groups after 30 days. Whole-mount from the duodenum were stained with Giemsa. The population density of myenteric neurons, as well the body cell, nuclear and cytoplasmic area were analyzed. Both acute and chronic toxoplasmic infection did not provoke neuronal loss. On the other hand, plastic alterations were observed: decreasing of the nuclear and cytoplasmic area during the acute phase and neuronal hypertrophy during the chronic phase.

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“…Our previous studies have shown that the infection can cause changes in enteric neurons and in intestinal wall (da Silva Pde et al, 2010;Hermes-Uliana et al, 2011;Odorizzi et al, 2010;Sant'Ana et al, 2012;Shiraishi et al, 2009;Sugauara et al, 2008Sugauara et al, , 2009). These changes depend on the parasitic stage ingested, the duration of the infection, the host species and the part of the gastrointestinal tract evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Oral dependent-dose toxoplasmic infection model induced by oocysts in rats: Myenteric plexus and jejunal wall changes

Vicentino-Vieira

Melo

Góis

et al. 2015

Experimental Parasitology

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Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii that is mainly transmitted orally. Once ingested, the parasite crosses the intestinal barrier to reach the blood and lymph systems to migrate to other regions of the host. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the myenteric plexus and the jejunal wall of Wistar rats caused by oral infection with T. gondii oocysts (ME-49 strain). Inocula of 10, 100, 500 and 5000 oocysts were used. The total population of myenteric neurons and the most metabolically active subpopulation (NADH-diaphorase positive - NADH-dp) exhibited a decrease proportional to the dose of T. gondii. There was also a quantitative increase in the subpopulation of NADPH-diaphorase-positive (NADPH-dp) myenteric neurons, indicating greater expression of the NOS enzyme. Neuronal atrophy was observed, and morphological and morphometric alterations such as jejunal atrophy were found in the infected groups. Hypertrophy of the external muscle with the presence of inflammatory foci was observed in the group infected with 5000 oocysts. The changes observed in the infected groups were proportional to the number of oocysts inoculated.

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Quantitative and morphometric changes of subpopulations of myenteric neurons in swines with toxoplasmosis

Cited by 28 publications

References 23 publications

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Myenteric neuronal plasticity induced by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III) on the duodenum of rats

Oral dependent-dose toxoplasmic infection model induced by oocysts in rats: Myenteric plexus and jejunal wall changes

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