Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease

Rouleau, Isabelle; Salmon, David P.; Butters, Nelson; Kennedy, Colleen M.; McGuire, Katheryn

doi:10.1016/0278-2626(92)90112-y

Cited by 509 publications

(494 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In summary, both AD and HD patients demonstrated deficits on the mental rotation task relative to their control groups, but they were impaired on different aspects of the test. Although replication with larger groups of patients is warranted, the present results support previous studies that show both quantitative and qualitative differences in the patterns of visuospatial dysfunction exhibited by patients with AD and HD (Brouwers et al, 1984;Rouleau et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…When comparing AD to HD patients, studies have shown qualitative differences in the disorders' effects on tests of constructional apraxia such as the Clock Drawing Test (Rouleau et al, 1992), but have not focused specifically on the visuospatial aspects of these tasks. In one of the few studies that directly compared the performances of patients with AD or HD on a comprehensive battery of visuospatial tests, Brouwers and colleagues (1984) found that patients with AD, but not those with HD, were impaired relative to control subjects on tests of visuoconstructional ability (i.e., copying a complex figure) and visuospatial learning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

Lineweaver

Salmon

Bondi

et al. 2005

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The ability to spatially rotate a mental image was compared in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 18) and patients with Huntington's disease (HD; n = 18). Compared to their respective age-matched normal control (NC) group, the speed, but not the accuracy, of mental rotation abnormally decreased with increasing angle of orientation for patients with HD. In contrast, the accuracy, but not the speed, of rotation abnormally decreased with increasing angle of orientation for patients with AD. Additional analyses showed that these unique patterns of performance were not attributable to different speed/accuracy trade-off sensitivities. This double dissociation suggests that the distinct brain regions affected in the two diseases differentially contribute to speed and accuracy of mental rotation. Specifically, the slowing exhibited by HD patients may be mediated by damage to the basal ganglia, whereas the spatial manipulation deficit of AD patients may reflect pathology in parietal and temporal lobe association cortices important for visuospatial processing. (JINS, 2005, 11, 30-39.) 2

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

Lineweaver

Salmon

Bondi

et al. 2005

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…It has also been utilized with patients suffering from other brain disorders including postoperative delirium (Manos, 1998), Huntington's disease (Rouleau et al, 1992), Parkinson's disease (Saka and Elibol, 2009), stroke (Cooke et al, 2010), traumatic brain injury (Wagner et al, 2011), schizophrenia (Herrmann et al, 1999), and metabolic syndrome (Viscogliosi et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

Hazan

Frankenburg

Brenkel

et al. 2017

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objective: The clock drawing test (CDT) has become one of the most widely used cognitive screening instruments in clinical and research settings. Its effectiveness, acceptability, and quick and easy administration have made it a staple for cognitive screening in dementia and a wide range of brain disorders. Despite a spike in popularity since the 1990s, its origins are relatively unknown. The goal of this review is to chronicle its saga and chart its usage over time. Methods: PsycInfo, Medline, and PubMed literature searches were performed from earliest record to June 2016, in addition to manual cross-referencing of bibliographies, with a focus before 1990. Summary of relevant articles and books up until 1989 is included, as well as clinical applications and surveys that track CDT usage over time. Results: While MacDonald Critchley's well-known textbook from 1953, The Parietal Lobes, is often cited as the first mention of the CDT, its recorded use actually stretches back more than a century to 1915. A review of the literature shows that the CDT began as a test for aphasia-related disorders and constructional apraxia until its entry into contemporary cognitive screening in the 1980s when it primarily became a cognitive screen. Its usage took off in 1989 with over 2000 publications since. Conclusions: Despite a fairly obscure existence for decades, the CDT has emerged as an effective and ideal cognitive screening instrument for a wide range of conditions. Its use continues to increase, and it has been incorporated into several widely used cognitive screening batteries.

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“…Patients with Alzheimer's disease have been reported who can construct perfectly adequate copies of a clock face, yet are unable to draw a clock when given a blank piece of paper to work from. 15 The available CDT rating schemes vary widely on the stimuli given to the subject, the time to which the clock is set, and the elements considered during scoring. Moreover, there are qualitative diVerences in how dementia subgroups fail a clock drawing task even if they are equated for overall severity of dementia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task

Royall¹,

Cordes²,

Polk³

1998

PsycTESTS Dataset

212

312

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Objective-To describe a clock drawing task (CLOX) designed to elicit executive impairment and discriminate it from non-executive constructional failure. Subjects-90 elderly subjects were studied (45 elderly and well persons from the independent living apartments of a continuing care retirement community and 45 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease). The clock drawing performance of elderly patients was compared with that of 62 young adult controls. Methods-Subjects received the CLOX, an executive test (EXIT25), and the mini mental state examination (MMSE). The CLOX is divided into an unprompted task that is sensitive to executive control (CLOX1) and a copied version that is not (CLOX2). Between rater reliability (27 subjects) was high for both subtests. (J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998;64:588-594) Results-In

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Quantitative and qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease

Cited by 509 publications

References 42 publications

Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

Differential effects of Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease on the performance of mental rotation

The test of time: a history of clock drawing

CLOX Executive Clock Drawing Task

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