Quantitative and qualitative content of alkaloids in seeds of a narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) collection

Abstract

Alkaloids represent the main antinutritional factor in lupins. The total content and qualitative composition of four major alkaloids in L. angustifolius L. were analyzed. The material included 329 accessions from the Polish collection divided into three classes of origin: wild lines, cultivars, and other manmade accessions. A very broad differentiation was found in terms of total alkaloid content-from 0.0005 to 2.8752 % of seed dry weight. In most cases, cultivars were characterized by a sharply decreased content of alkaloids, even below 0.01 % of seed dry weight. The average proportions of individual alkaloids were also very differentiated: lupanine-0.98 to 73.0 % of total alkaloid content (mean 46.4 %), 13-hydroxylupanine-15.6-71.1 % (mean 35.6 %), angustifoline-0-49.8 % (mean 15.5 %) and isolupanine-0-34.0 % (mean 2.5 %). The above mean values are probably typical for this species. In some accessions, lupanine and 13-hydroxylupanine accounted for 90-100 % of all major alkaloids. The average content of isolupanie (2.5 % of all alkaloids) allows it to be consider a major alkaloid of L. angustifolius, but quite frequently a ratio below 1 % or even its absence was stated. The three classes of origin were divided into three significantly different groups based on total alkaloid content as well as individual alkaloid content. Among wild lines, high alkaloid accessions were most numerous, but among cultivars it was low alkaloid accessions. The last class also contained numerous accessions with the lowest content of individual alkaloids. The influence of the content of individual alkaloids on total alkaloid content was also investigated in the wild lines and cultivars.

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of alkaloids composition in the seeds of a white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) collection

“…Total alkaloid content varied from 0.016 to 12.73% of the seed DW (mean 2.47%). Thus, the maximum contents found in L. albus clearly exceed those reported for L. angustifolius (Kamel et al 2016) breeding successes in the white lupin. Nevertheless, it is also possible to find low alkaloid accessions in CO class and vice versa-bitter accessions in CV class.…”

“…Conducted analysis of the total alkaloid content and a qualitative composition in seeds of the Polish collection of L. albus presents a very broad variation and strong differentiation of gathered accessions, much broader than hitherto described for this species and also in comparison to other lupin species (Kamel et al 2016;Wink et al 1995). Comparison of the results obtained in individual classes of origin showed a strong influence of domestication and breeding, which resulted in decreased content of alkaloids.…”

“…This shows that a clear-cut division into major and minor alkaloids is rather difficult. In the earlier analysis of narrow-leafed lupin alkaloids, different qualitative compositions of major alkaloids were obtained (mean % of total alkaloids): lupanine-46.4%, 13-hydroxylupanine-35.6%, angustifoline-15.5%, and isolupanine-2.5% (Kamel et al 2016).…”

“…Given these facts, white lupin has a potential as a protein plant, provided that further improvements be achieved with regard to resistance to anthracnose, earliness, and alkaloid content in seeds (Cowling et al 1998b;Ś więcicki et al 2015). Decreasing the alkaloid content in breeding as a basic requirement to use lupins as fodder has been precisely described in literature (Brummund and Ś więcicki 2011;Hackbarth and Troll 1956;Kamel et al 2016).…”

“…Cultivars possessing pauper gene contain 0.02-0.05% alkaloids of the seed DW (Harrison and Williams 1982;Ś więcicki et al 2015) with following qualitative composition of major alkaloids (abundance [1%): lupanine-70%, albine-15%, 13-hydroxylupanine-8%, and multiflorine-3% (Wink et al 1995). Earlier investigation on the narrow-leafed lupin collection revealed a broad variation of the total alkaloid content in seeds from 0.0005 to 2.88% of the seed DW (Kamel et al 2016). It was stated that numerous cultivars are characterized by safely low alkaloid content (\0.02% of the seed DW) (Cowling et al 1998a), but in genetic resources there are accessions with clearly lower content, useful for further cultivar improvement.…”