Quantitative Aspects of Iron Deficiency in Hypochromic Anemia

Heath, Clark W.; Strauss, Maurice B.; Castle, W. E.

doi:10.1172/jci100478

Cited by 113 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…First attempts to administer iron through the parenteral route date back to the first half of the past century [95], but were unacceptably painful when administered intramuscularly, and caused serious hemodynamic toxicity attributed to rapid release of labile-free iron. This led to the development of carbohydrate shells surrounding an iron core, in order to limit the unwanted rapid release of the element [96].…”

Section: Historical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

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Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is extremely frequent worldwide, representing a major public health problem. Iron replacement therapy dates back to the seventeenth century, and has progressed relatively slowly until recently. Both oral and intravenous traditional iron formulations are known to be far from ideal, mainly because of tolerability and safety issues, respectively. At the beginning of this century, the discovery of hepcidin/ferroportin axis has represented a turning point in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of iron metabolism disorders, ushering a new era. In the meantime, advances in the pharmaceutical technologies are producing newer iron formulations aimed at minimizing the problems inherent with traditional approaches. The pharmacokinetic of oral and parenteral iron is substantially different, and diversities have become even clearer in light of the hepcidin master role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Here we review how iron therapy is changing because of such important advances in both pathophysiology and pharmacology.

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Section: Historical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights

et al. 2017

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“…Investigators have been forced to utilize indirect procedures which measure: (1) the difference, in a given period of study, between the amount of iron ingested and the amount excreted in the urine and feces (12,13); (2) the amount of iron which "disappears " from an isolated segment of intestine (14); or (3) the total increase in circulating hemoglobin resulting from the therapeutic administration of iron in various forms. From the hemoglobin increase is then calculated the percentage of iron that has been utilized (15,16,17). The [5][6]1937, and in part before the Sixteenth International Physiological Congress, Zurich, August [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]1938.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the hemoglobin increase is then calculated the percentage of iron that has been utilized (15,16,17). The [5][6]1937, and in part before the Sixteenth International Physiological Congress, Zurich, August [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]1938. 2 The authors wvish to express their appreciation to John T. Read the iron which may be absorbed and then excreted into the colon (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies in Iron Transportation and Metabolism. Iv. Observations on the Absorption of Iron From the Gastro-Intestinal Tract 12

Moore¹,

Arrowsmith²,

Welch³

et al. 1939

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…In 1932, together with Clark Heath and Maurice Strauss, Castle treated seven patients with intramuscular injections of iron citrate and showed an intimate relationship between the iron injected and the haemoglobin formed (Heath et al, 1932). They showed an extraordinarily close relationship between the amount of iron injected into the iron-deficient patients and the amount of haemoglobin gained in the circulation: the average utilization of parenteral iron in all patients was 96%.…”

Section: Iron and Iron Deficiency Anaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%