Quantitative Assessment of Trace and Macro Element Compositions of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Storage Roots Enriched with Β-Carotene as Influenced by Genotypes and Growing Locations

Abstract

Cassava’s important mineral contents depends on some factors, including genetic and growing locational factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genotype and growing locations on the mineral concentrations in yellow-fleshed cassava root genotypes. Twenty-five pipeline yellow-fleshed cassava genotypes and three white-fleshed varieties (check samples) were planted at five different experimental fields for two seasons, each representing the major agroecological zones in Nigeria. Standard laboratory protocols were employed in the sampling to ensure zero contamination, and the trace and macro elements were determined using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopic method (ICPOES). The trace and macro elements identified in all the genotypes and varieties investigated were Fe, Mn, B, Cu, Mo, Co, Ni, Zn, and Al; Ca, Mg, Na, K. P, and S respectively. Genotype and growing location had a highly significant (p < 0.05) effect on all the trace elements except Ti and Cr. However, there was no interactive effect between genotype and growing location on all the trace elements except for Pb and Zn. Among the explanatory variables, the variable growing location was the most influential on macro and trace elements. Conclusively, genotypes 01/1442 and 01/1273 have outstanding trace and macro element concentrations.

Characterization of macro and micro-minerals in cassava leaves from genotypes planted in three different agroecological locations in Nigeria

“…This strong correlation of P and K is different from the results presented by Alamu et al. (2020a) when cassava roots were evaluated across multiple harvest times and sampling methods but is consonant with assertions presented by Alamu et al. (2020b) in yellow-fleshed cassava roots.…”

“…The mean square error (MSE) ranged widely from 1.2 to 1,981,516.1, where Copper had the lowest value and Calcium had the highest, respectively. This very high range of MSE (especially for the elements with high concentrations) indicates that the regression models could not adequately predict the variability of the elements considered, as has been applied in a similar study ( Alamu et al., 2020b ). The elements with extremely high MSE are Calcium and Potassium.…”

“…Before planting, the plots had been ploughed and harrowed before being ridged. Ibadan growing locations had soil type-sandy loamy (classified as ferric luvisols), and Mokwa growing locations had soil-type- dystric nitosols ( Alamu et al., 2020b ). No fertilizers or herbicides were applied throughout the study.…”

“…The trace and the macro element content were determined using Inductively Coupled Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) as presented by Wheal et al. (2011) and replicated in Alamu et al. (2020b) , which involved an acid digestion phase before instrumentation.…”

“…Various sources in the literature provide compositional information on some genotypes and products of cassava leaves prepared into food or animal feed ( Chávez et al., 2000 ; Nassar and Marques, 2006 ; Achidi et al., 2008 ; Nguyen et al., 2012 ; Popoola et al., 2019 ) but evaluation of a large number of genotypes is not common. A recent mineral compositional evaluation of large germplasms of cassava roots grown in sub-Saharan Africa has been reported ( Alamu et al., 2020a , 2020b , 2021 , 2022 ). Also, an extensive collection of leaves was evaluated for genotypic effects on amino acids, carotenoids, and cyanogenic properties in Latin America ( Ospina et al., 2021 ).…”