Quantitative Determination of Acceleration and Intracranial Pressure in Experimental Head Injury

Gurdjian, E. S.; Lissner, H. R.; Latimer, F R; Haddad, Bob; Webster, J. E.

doi:10.1212/wnl.3.6.417

Cited by 112 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The technique has been modified over the years for transdural loading to study concussion, contusion, and more serious brain injuries. 5,6,15,19,32,33,53 Gurdjian 17,18 refined the technique by developing an air-pulse impact procedure, which controlled the amplitude and duration of pressure. The fluid percussion procedure provided data for the development of the Wayne State Tolerance Criterion 16 by simulating brain injuries in the mid-range of head impact durations, greater than the short (2-4 ms) durations associated with skull fracture but lower than the longer (>10 ms) durations from the human volunteer exposures.…”

Section: Fluid Percussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Concussion and Serious Brain Injury

Viano¹,

Hamberger

Bolouri

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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Three animal models were evaluated in this study involving head impacts of the rat, including the Marmarou drop-weight and two momentum-exchange techniques. In series 1, 36 Wistar rats were hit on the side of the free-moving head using Marmarou's 450 g impact mass at 4.4, 5.4, and 6.3 m/s. Head acceleration was measured and injuries were observed. The 6.3-m/s side impact resulted in no deaths, no skull fractures, infrequent contusions, and some injuries consistent with diffuse axonal injury. In series 2, 57 Marmarou drop-weight tests were conducted to study head biomechanical responses. Marmarou's technique involves a head impact followed by prolonged loading into a foam pad under the animal. Based on the literature, the 2 m (6.3 m/s) Marmarou drop causes death, skull fracture, brain and spinal cord contusions, and diffuse axonal injury. These injuries are more severe than that occurring with impact of similar mass and velocity to the free-moving head. Impacts to the free-moving head provide more realistic animal models to study concussion and severe brain injury.

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Section: Fluid Percussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Concussion and Serious Brain Injury

Viano¹,

Hamberger

Bolouri

et al. 2011

Ann Biomed Eng

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“…Further studies confirmed that rotational acceleration could induce severe brain injuries like concussion, 9 DAI or acute subdural hematoma. 24 However other researchers 25 who put emphasize on the analysis of the effect of skull deformations and intracranial pressure gradients, emphasized the importance of translational accelerations in the development of head injury. As a conclusion it can be stated that both linear and rotational accelerations can cause brain injuries, and both effects have a specific role because they produce different injury mechanisms.…”

Section: Hic a T T T T T Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact biomechanics of brain injuries: a proposal for evaluating vulnerability analysis

Hazay¹,

Bojtár²

2017

biomech hung

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Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) contribute to a high degree of mortality and morbidity in society. From engineering point of view, the human brain can be considered as a mechanical system which is subjected to extreme effects, since every type of TBIs are derived from the large magnitude of mechanical loads. Impact biomechanics deals with the prevention of injuries via the suitable design of safety systems. It requires the quantification of limit values of the mechanical effects that humans can tolerate. The goal of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it contains a brief literature review where some of the most important milestones and major conclusions of previous researches are mentioned. Secondly, it presents a proposal about the applicability of reliability analysis to assess the vulnerability of the human brain.

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“…Elevated pressures resulting from a lin -dominated translational/ direct contact loading are typically related to focal brain injuries, which are also linked to skull fracture, epidural haematoma and contusion in moderate to severe brain injuries [2,3]. Early experimental studies reported that a higher peak pressure magnitude combined with a shorter duration or vice versa could both produce a concussive effect [4,5]. Subsequent studies on the significance of a lin on cadavers [6] led to the use of the Wayne State Tolerance Curve (WSTC), Severity Index (SI [7]) and Head Injury Criterion (HIC [8]) to assess the risk and severity of head injury, including skull fracture and severe brain injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time, whole-brain, temporally resolved pressure responses in translational head impact

Zhao

2016

Interface Focus.

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Theoretical debate still exists on the role of linear acceleration ( a lin ) on the risk of brain injury. Recent injury metrics only consider head rotational acceleration ( a rot ) but not a lin , despite that real-world on-field head impacts suggesting a lin significantly improves a concussion risk function. These controversial findings suggest a practical challenge in integrating theory and real-world experiment. Focusing on tissue-level mechanical responses estimated from finite-element (FE) models of the human head, rather than impact kinematics alone, may help address this debate. However, the substantial computational cost incurred (runtime and hardware) poses a significant barrier for their practical use. In this study, we established a real-time technique to estimate whole-brain a lin -induced pressures. Three hydrostatic atlas pressures corresponding to translational impacts (referred to as ‘brain print’) along the three major axes were pre-computed. For an arbitrary a lin profile at any instance in time, the atlas pressures were linearly scaled and then superimposed to estimate whole-brain responses. Using 12 publically available, independently measured or reconstructed real-world a lin profiles representative of a range of impact/injury scenarios, the technique was successfully validated (except for one case with an extremely short impulse of approx. 1 ms). The computational cost to estimate whole-brain pressure responses for an entire a lin profile was less than 0.1 s on a laptop versus typically hours on a high-end multicore computer. These findings suggest the potential of the simple, yet effective technique to enable future studies to focus on tissue-level brain responses, rather than solely relying on global head impact kinematics that have plagued early and contemporary brain injury research to date.

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Quantitative Determination of Acceleration and Intracranial Pressure in Experimental Head Injury

Cited by 112 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Concussion and Serious Brain Injury

Evaluation of Three Animal Models for Concussion and Serious Brain Injury

Impact biomechanics of brain injuries: a proposal for evaluating vulnerability analysis

Real-time, whole-brain, temporally resolved pressure responses in translational head impact

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