Quantitative determination of amygdalin epimers from armeniacae semen by liquid chromatography

Ja-yong, Koo; Hwang, Eun-Young; Cho, Sonhae; Lee, Je-Hyun; Lee, Young Moo; Hong, Seon-Pyo

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.10.019

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…According to Hwang, Lee, Lee, & Hong (2002), D-amygdalin can be converted to neoamygdalin (an epimer of amygdalin) after 3 min of heating in boiling water. The products of amygdalin degradation (either through enzymatic or isomerisation process) can be measured by reverse-phase HPLC method (Wasserkrug & Rassi, 1997;Hwang et al, 2002;Koo, Hwang, Cho, Lee, Lee, & Hong, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An efficient extraction process would lead to a complete detection of amygdalin without losses or degradation. Koo et al (2005) reported that the use of 4% citric acid solution for extraction of amygdalin in armeniacae semen (a seed of Prunus armeniaca Linne, from the Rosaceae family) Many of the studies on efficiency of amygdalin extraction were based on the use of water or methanol. Quantification was mostly carried out in almond, apricot and Chinese herbal medicines which contain amygdalin as a major ingredient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amygdalin content of seeds, kernels and food products commercially-available in the UK

2014

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Cyanogenic glycosides are a large group of secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, including many plants that are commonly consumed by humans. The diverse chemical nature of cyanogenic glycosides means that extraction and analysis of individual compounds can be difficult. In addition, degradation can be rapid under appropriate conditions. Amygdalin is one of the cyanogenic glycosides found, for example, in Apples, Apricots and Almonds. We have developed and applied a high performance liquid chromatographic procedure for amygdalin quantification to investigate extraction efficiency and to determine levels in a range of foods. Our results show that seed from Rosaceae species contained relatively high amounts (range 0.1 -17.5 mg/g) of amygdalin compared to seed from non-Rosaceae species (range 0.01 -0.2 mg/g). The amygdalin content of processed fruit products was very low.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amygdalin content of seeds, kernels and food products commercially-available in the UK

2014

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“…[12][13][14] However, few studies have been reported on the pharmacokinetics of pure amygdalin compared with amygdalin contained in decoctions of peach seeds. Herbal medicines are mixtures containing many ingredients, and herb-drug interactions or herb-herb interactions are common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Pharmacokinetics in Rats: Differences between Pure Amygdalin and Amygdalin in a Decoction of Peach Seeds

Chen¹,

Yan²,

Kim³

et al. 2012

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The pharmacokinetics of prunasin after oral administration of amygdalin or a decoction of peach seeds was determined and compared in rats. A C 18 column was used for separation at a column temperature of 25 o C. The mobile phase consisted of 20% aqueous acetonitrile, and the flow rate was 0.5 mL/min. After oral administration of a decoction of peach seeds, prunasin was absorbed rapidly, reaching a maximum plasma concentration (C max ) of 62.1 mg/L within 45 min. After oral administration of amygdalin, the absorption of prunasin was delayed. The C max of prunasin was 42.9 mg/L and was reached at 60 min. Values for the pharmacokinetic parameters of prunasin, including T max , C max , AUC, T 1/2 , CL/F, and V1/F, were significantly different for the oral administration of amygdalin compared with that of a decoction of peach seeds.

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“…Because neoamygdalin has no antitumor activity, it is important to suppress D-amygdalin from being converted into neoamygdalin by epimerization in water. In the powder form, a method of adding acid has been used in order to increase the extraction efficiency as well as to suppress the epimerization (Takayama and Kawai, 1984;Hwang et al, 2002;Koo et al, 2005). However, in traditional oriental preparations, if an acid solution were used as the extractant, problems associated with safety may arise as changes in major components might occur by acid hydrolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

2010

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Armeniacae Semen contains not only amygdalin but also emulsin, which is an enzyme that hydrolyzes amygdalin. This hydrolysis reaction has been a major problem associated with the water extraction of Armeniacae Semen powder. In this study, the emulsin was inactivated by extracting Armeniacae Semen powder at a constant temperature of 90 degrees C. In addition, in order to suppress the epimerization of D-amygdalin, the extraction time was kept to less than 8 min. The use of a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.3) containing 13.5% acetonitrile as a mobile phase in reversed-phase HPLC was effective in separating and analyzing the D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin. The linearity between the concentrations and detector responses was obtained in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mM. The detection limits for D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin were approximately 5 microM per amount injected.

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Quantitative determination of amygdalin epimers from armeniacae semen by liquid chromatography

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Amygdalin content of seeds, kernels and food products commercially-available in the UK

Amygdalin content of seeds, kernels and food products commercially-available in the UK

Metabolic Pharmacokinetics in Rats: Differences between Pure Amygdalin and Amygdalin in a Decoction of Peach Seeds

Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

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