Quantitative determination of effective dipole and monopole moments of magnetic force microscopy tips

Lohau, J.; Kirsch, Siegfried; Carl, A.; Dumpich, G.; Wassermann, E. F.

doi:10.1063/1.371222

Cited by 132 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The measured spring constant was k = 2.4 N/m. The magnetization of the CoCr alloy thin film M t = 7.2 × 10 5 A/m, was taken from (12) and it is close to the value obtained in (24). In general, the force acting on the tip can be obtained by integrating the tip-sample force density, [4] over the tip volume.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Atomic Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Model Colloids

Raşa

Kuipers

Philipse

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to study the size, shape, and polydispersity of a variety of magnetic and nonmagnetic model colloids, previously imaged by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) only. Both height and phase images are analyzed and special attention is given to 3D morphology and softness of particles, as well as structures and presence of secondary components in the colloid, difficult to investigate with TEM. Several methods of tip characterization followed by deconvolution were applied in order to improve the accuracy of lateral diameter determination. In the case of magnetite particles dispersed in conventional ferrofluids, we explore both experimentally and theoretically the possibility of using magnetic force microscopy (MFM). We propose and discuss several models which allow to estimate the magnetic moment of a single domain superparamagnetic sphere using MFM, which cannot be done with other techniques; alternatively the tip magnetization can be determined. C 2002 Elsevier Science (USA)

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Atomic Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Model Colloids

Raşa

Kuipers

Philipse

2002

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

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“…In order to compare the expected outcome of different domain configurations, the MFM contrast has to be calculated for realistic tip models. The MFM signal for a magnetic cantilever oscillating in z -direction is given by [15,16] …”

Section: Generally the Functions Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The signal from the anti- ferro stripes is clearly weakened, but it is large enough to be measured in a typical MFM setup which allows the detection of a few 10 µN/m (10 −2 dyn/cm) [17]. However, as quantitative MFM measurements are still rare and require precise calibration routines [16,17] the absolute value of the signal is not a reliable criterion for the distinction between different stripe configurations. More importantly, the force gradient directly above the center of a domain shows a monotonically decreasing signal strength for increasing scan height z 0 in case of the ferro stripes.…”

Section: Generally the Functions Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical analysis of magnetic force microscopy contrast in multidomain states of magnetic superlattices with perpendicular anisotropy

Kiselev

Dragunov

Neu

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Physics

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Recently synthesized magnetic multilayers with strong perpendicular anisotropy exhibit unique magnetic properties including the formation of specific multidomain states. In particular, antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers own rich phase diagrams that include various multidomain ground states. Analytical equations have been derived for the stray-field components of these multidomain states in perpendicular multilayer systems. In particular, closed expressions for stray fields in the case of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic stripes are presented. The theoretical approach provides a basis for the analysis of magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images from this novel class of nanomagnetic systems. Peculiarities of the MFM contrast have been calculated for realistic tip models. [2,3,4,5]. These nanoscale synthetic antiferromagnets are characterized by new types of multidomain states, unusual demagnetization processes and other specific phenomena [2,3,5]. In contrast to other bulk and nanomagnetic systems, the multidomain states in perpendicular antiferromagnetic multilayers are determined by a strong competition between the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange and magnetostatic couplings [3,6,7]. The remarkable role of stray-field effects in synthetic antiferromagnets and the peculiarities of their multidomain states are currently investigated by high resolution magnetic force microscopy (MFM)(for recent examples of successful experimental tests on domain theory by MFM see, e.g. Refs. [3,8]). From the theoretical side, only few results have been obtained on MFM images in antiferromagnetically coupled multilayers, mostly by numerical methods [2,5,9]. Here we present an analytical approach that provides a comprehensive description of stray-field distributions and MFM images in multidomain states of these nanostructures. We show that the stray-field components and their spatial derivatives, that are crucial for an analysis of MFM contrast, own distinctive features for different multidomain states. These features allow to recognize the particular distribution of the magnetization at the surfaces of domains and in the depth of the multilayers. The quantitative relations from theory for the MFM contrast can also serve to determine the values of magnetic interactions, i.e. materials parameters of an antiferromagnetic multilayer. We apply our results for an analysis of multidomain states observed in [Co/Pt]Ru As a model we consider strong stripes, i.e. so-called band domains in a superlattice composed of N identical layers of thickness h separated by spacers of thickness s, (see, Fig. 1). Note, that the term "stripe domains" is also commonly used to denote multidomain patterns consisting of stripes with weakly undulating magnetization which, however, stays predominantly in the layer plane [10]. On the other hand, the term band domains is used to describe structures of homogeneous domains with perpendicular magnetization that alternates between up and down direction. These two types of stripe domains should

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“…The second parameter, δ, being a property of the tip and dependent both on temperature and the stray field of the sample, usually has a large uncertainty and requires a special calibration of the tip in order to be determined. 28 It may lead to a non-negligible constant offset of the measured penetration depth from its true value. To quantify the δ/1.27 correction in the present work, we resorted to a comparison of our temperature-dependent data (shown by spheres in Fig.…”

Section: Local Pinning Forces and The Penetration Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative assessment of pinning forces and magnetic penetration depth in NbN thin films from complementary magnetic force microscopy and transport measurements

et al. 2011

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Epitaxial niobium-nitride thin films with a critical temperature of T c = 16 K and a thickness of 100 nm were fabricated on MgO (100) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Low-temperature magnetic force microscopy (MFM) images of the supercurrent vortices were measured after field cooling in a magnetic field of 3 mT at various temperatures. Temperature dependence of the penetration depth has been evaluated by a two-dimensional fitting of the vortex profiles in the monopole-monopole model. Its subsequent fit to a single s-wave gap function results in the superconducting gap amplitude ∆(0) = (2.9 ± 0.4) meV = (2.1 ± 0.3) k B T c , in perfect agreement with previous reports. The pinning force has been independently estimated from local depinning of individual vortices by lateral forces exerted by the MFM tip and from transport measurements. A good quantitative agreement between the two techniques shows that for low fields, B µ 0 H c2 , MFM is a powerful and reliable technique to probe the local variations of the pinning landscape. We also demonstrate that the monopole model can be successfully applied even for thin films with a thickness comparable to the penetration depth.

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Quantitative determination of effective dipole and monopole moments of magnetic force microscopy tips

Cited by 132 publications

References 31 publications

Atomic Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Model Colloids

Atomic Force Microscopy and Magnetic Force Microscopy Study of Model Colloids

Theoretical analysis of magnetic force microscopy contrast in multidomain states of magnetic superlattices with perpendicular anisotropy

Quantitative assessment of pinning forces and magnetic penetration depth in NbN thin films from complementary magnetic force microscopy and transport measurements

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